NASA Scientific and Technical Aerospace Reports

energy usage on the Asian continent. The high-resolution, high-precision data set of roughly 13,800 CH4 measurements
ranged between 1602 ppbv in stratospherically influenced air and 2149 ppbv in highly polluted air. Overall, CH4 mixing ratios
were highly correlated with a variety of other trace gases characteristic of a mix of anthropogenic industrial and combustion
sources and were strikingly correlated with ethane (C2H6) in particular. Averages with latitude in the near-surface (0-2 km)
show that CH4 was elevated well above background levels north of 15 deg N close to the Asian continent. In the central and
eastern Pacific, levels of CH4 were lower as continental inputs were mixed horizontally and vertically during transport.
Overall, the correlation between CH4 and other hydrocarbons such as ethane (C2H6), ethyne (C2H2), and propane (C3H8)
as well as the urban/industrial tracer perchloroethene (C2Cl4), suggests that for CH4 colocated sources such as landfills,
wastewater treatment, and fossil fuel use associated with urban areas dominate regional inputs at this time. Comparisons
between measurements made during TRACE-P and those of PEM-West B, flown during roughly the same time of year and
under a similar meteorological setting 7 years earlier, suggest that although the TRACE-P CH4 observations are higher, the
changes are not significantly greater than the increases seen in background air over this time interval.
Author
Atmospheric Composition; Methane; Pollution Monitoring; Air Pollution; Geographic Distribution
20040073632 Air Force Research Lab., Wright-Patterson AFB, OH
Animal Noise Monitor: Assessment of Accelerometers for Determining Animal Behavior
Downing, Micah; Mar. 2000; 26 pp.; In English; Original contains color illustrations
Contract(s)/Grant(s): Proj-7184
Report No.(s): AD-A422514; AFRL-HE-WP-TR-2004-0017; No Copyright; Avail: CASI; A03, Hardcopy
The Environmental Impact Analysis Process (EIAP) requires that the Department of Defense be able to assess the impacts
of noise on animals. The National Park Service and Fish and Wildlife Service, who have oversight on DoD environmental
documents, have expressed concern about noise impacts on wildlife from military overflights. The USAF undertook an effort
to develop an animal noise monitor that would measure directly the noise impact and determine the activity condition of the
animal. This effort was to examine the use of accelerometers for determining the activity level of wildlife, especially Bighorn
sheep, mule deer and prong horned antelope. This effort was able to show the correlation of accelerometer data with observed
behavior from wildlife experts. Three approaches for implementing accelerometers into an overall system design are proposed.
DTIC
Accelerometers; Animals; Environmental Surveys; Noise Pollution; Wildlife
20040074168 NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD, USA
Elevated Tropospheric Ozone over the Atlantic
Chandra, S.; Ziemke, J. R.; Tie, X.; 2003; 1 pp.; In English; Fall 2000 AGU Meeting, 8-12 Dec. 2003, San Francisco, CA,
USA; No Copyright; Avail: Other Sources; Abstract Only
Tropospheric column ozone (TCO) is derived from differential measurements of TOMS total column ozone and
Microwave Limb Sounder stratospheric column ozone. It is shown that TCO during summer months over the Atlantic and
Pacific Oceans in northern midlatitudes is about the same (50 to 60 Dobson Units) as over the continents of North America,
Europe, and Asia, where surface emissions of nitrogen oxides from industrial sources, biomass and biofuel burning and
biogenic emissions are significantly larger. This nearly uniform zonal variation in TCO is modulated by surface topography
of the Rocky and Himalayan mountains, and Tibetan plateau where TCO is reduced by 20 to 30 Dobson Units. The zonal
variation in TCO is well simulated by a global chemical transport model called MOZART-2 (Model of Ozone and Related
Chemical Tracers, version 2). The model results are analyzed to delineate the relative importance of various processes
contributing to observed zonal characteristics of TCO.
Author
Troposphere; Total Ozone Mapping Spectrometer; Ozone; Atmospheric Composition; Biomass Burning; Topography
20040074243 NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD, USA
Human-Induced Climate Variations Linked to Urbanization: From Observations to Modeling
Shepherd, J. Marshall; Jin, Menglin; [2004]; 1 pp.; In English; AGU Meeting, 8-12 Dec. 2003, San Francisco, CA, USA; No
Copyright; Avail: Other Sources; Abstract Only
The goal of this session is to bring together scientists from interdisciplinary backgrounds to discuss the data, scientific
approaches and recent results focusing on the impact of urbanization on the climate. The discussion will highlight current
observational and modeling capabilities being employed for investigating the urban environment and its linkage to the change
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