4.2 Port <strong>of</strong> Ghent4.2.1 Significant facts in <strong>2002</strong> 44• ContextOf <strong>the</strong> four <strong>ports</strong> under review, Ghent is <strong>the</strong> one at which <strong>the</strong> number <strong>of</strong> businesses increased most from 1995 to<strong>2002</strong> (+ 31.7 p.c., while <strong>the</strong> average for all <strong>the</strong> <strong>ports</strong> was + 15.9 p.c.).Due to <strong>the</strong> slowdown in growth, <strong>2002</strong> got <strong>of</strong>f to a slow start in <strong>the</strong> port <strong>of</strong> Ghent and traffic picked up onlygradually. The event <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> year was without doubt <strong>the</strong> putting into operation on 9 December <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> IPG(Intermodaal Platform Gent). This intermodal platform gave <strong>the</strong> port a large capability for handling andtransporting containers via <strong>the</strong> inland water network to Antwerp, Rotterdam and <strong>the</strong> Rhine basin. These newfacilities constitute an important asset for Ghent because <strong>the</strong>y <strong>of</strong>fer a lasting alternative to road transport.Generally speaking, <strong>the</strong> year <strong>2002</strong> was relatively positive for <strong>the</strong> port <strong>of</strong> Ghent which handled almost 24 milliontonnes <strong>of</strong> goods and was able to maintain its transhipment volume and even slightly increase it in comparison to<strong>the</strong> preceding year. The most significant increase was recorded for dry bulk traffic with a rise <strong>of</strong> 10.2 p.c.compared to 2001. This activity was also supported by <strong>the</strong> emergence <strong>of</strong> new freight categories as peat and fishoil, and also by higher volumes <strong>of</strong> fruit juices and molasses. A marked fall was however recorded for <strong>the</strong> generalcargo segment. This development seemed to become general, to <strong>the</strong> benefit <strong>of</strong> container traffic.• IndustryOn 22 March <strong>2002</strong> a new terminal was inaugurated on <strong>the</strong> Peltracom site for <strong>the</strong> transhipment, storage andhandling <strong>of</strong> peat. In <strong>the</strong> car manufacturing, Frans Maas Automotive Belgium began operations and Volvo CarsGent built an external warehouse. IPG, a joint venture between Rhinecontainer, a company operating on inlandwaterways, and Stukwerkers, <strong>the</strong> goods handler, came on stream in December. The expected increase in trafficas a result <strong>of</strong> this platform is on average 165,000 tonnes per annum: <strong>the</strong> platform will act as a hub with <strong>the</strong>capability to open up <strong>the</strong> hinterland fur<strong>the</strong>r and <strong>the</strong>reby open up <strong>the</strong> port, particularly by facilitating links with <strong>the</strong><strong>ports</strong> <strong>of</strong> Antwerp and Rotterdam.• InfrastructureThe largest infrastructure development site <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> year is <strong>the</strong> expansion <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Kluizendok, with, in particular, <strong>the</strong>installation <strong>of</strong> additional roads at its entrance. Operations to remove asbestos here began in July and majordredging work was carried out <strong>the</strong> following month. All <strong>the</strong> projects undertaken at Kluizendok should in futuregenerate additional traffic <strong>of</strong> 1.6 million tonnes. An invitation to tender was issued on 29 August for <strong>the</strong> newmaintenance plan for <strong>the</strong> port, highlighting <strong>the</strong> urgent need to develop <strong>the</strong> quays, port roads, etc.The aim <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong>se projects is to improve <strong>the</strong> port's accessibility, which continues to cause problems, especially for<strong>the</strong> metal-working company Sidmar, <strong>the</strong> largest on <strong>the</strong> site: this company is still somewhat disadvantaged incomparison with three o<strong>the</strong>r <strong>maritime</strong> establishments <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Arcelor group (Dunkirk, Fos and Gijon). Although <strong>the</strong>productivity and layout <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> site compensate for this handicap, <strong>the</strong> development <strong>of</strong> a new capesize 45 sea lock atTerneuzen would, according to some sources, be an effective solution to facilitate access by sea. IPG enablesprogress to be made with regard to inland traffic.4445Sources: Havenbedrijf Gent GAB Annual <strong>Report</strong> <strong>2002</strong> and Vlaamse Havencommissie Annual <strong>Report</strong> <strong>2002</strong>.The term capesize denotes <strong>the</strong> capacity <strong>of</strong> a lock which can accommodate ships (mainly carrying solid bulk) <strong>of</strong> over80,000 dwt.32 NBB WORKING PAPER No.56 - JUNE 2004
4.2.2 Value addedTABLE 16 SUMMARY OF CHANGES IN VALUE ADDED AT GHENT FROM 1995 TO <strong>2002</strong>(millions <strong>of</strong> euros)Sectors(direct effects)1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 <strong>2002</strong> Relativeshare in<strong>2002</strong>(in p.c.)Change1995 -<strong>2002</strong>(in p.c.)Annualaveragechange(in p.c.)Maritime clusterShipping agents andforwarders ...................... 27.7 22.3 40.5 42.1 39.2 45.6 56.2 61.1 2.1 120.2 11.9Cargo handlers .............. 108.2 113.8 116.0 130.6 138.6 129.3 122.6 127.1 4.3 17.5 2.3Shipping companies ...... 11.3 8.5 8.2 9.7 23.6 10.3 13.4 13.5 0.5 19.5 2.6O<strong>the</strong>r services................ 1.8 1.4 0.9 0.9 1.0 1.3 1.7 2.5 0.1 43.9 5.3Fishing............................ 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.5 0.6 1.9 0.1 594.8 31.9Shipbuilding andrepair.............................. 3.0 2.3 2.7 4.7 3.7 3.6 4.7 4.8 0.2 60.2 7.0O<strong>the</strong>r industries.............. 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 3.2 3.3 0.1 - -Public sector .................. 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 - -Total <strong>maritime</strong> .............. 152.2 148.7 168.6 188.3 206.7 190.6 202.3 214.1 7.3 40.7 5.0Non-<strong>maritime</strong> clusterTotal wholesale trade..... 564.2 598.4 456.0 614.9 529.1 530.8 616.0 592.5 20.1 5.0 0.7Energy............................ 239.5 218.9 206.2 113.4 115.6 145.2 169.8 150.1 5.1 - 37.3 - 6.5Oil industry ..................... 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 4.1 6.1 7.0 0.2 - -Chemicals ...................... 167.7 177.9 175.5 190.8 181.7 229.9 229.4 221.9 7.5 32.3 4.1Car manufacturing ......... 476.8 481.3 491.3 545.7 525.7 518.8 511.2 516.2 17.5 8.2 1.1Electronics ..................... 103.0 160.9 100.5 104.7 99.1 106.6 60.2 58.4 2.0 - 43.3 - 7.8Metal-working industry... 628.8 609.6 634.8 727.7 657.5 774.8 545.7 725.9 24.7 15.4 2.1Food industry ................. 56.8 60.1 61.6 59.0 60.8 60.0 72.8 88.5 3.0 55.8 6.5O<strong>the</strong>r industries.............. 156.5 144.4 150.5 173.1 168.5 176.2 227.5 191.5 6.5 22.4 2.9Total industry ................. 1,829.1 1,853.0 1,820.5 1,914.4 1,808.8 2,015.6 1,822.7 1,959.4 66.6 7.1 1.0O<strong>the</strong>r services................ 68.2 67.5 67.1 113.2 49.8 87.1 88.0 97.7 3.3 43.2 5.3O<strong>the</strong>r industries.............. 6.5 9.5 10.9 12.1 14.3 14.6 9.6 3.8 0.1 - 41.1 - 7.3Public sector .................. 20.3 20.4 11.3 11.1 11.1 8.8 9.1 10.5 0.4 - 48.1 - 8.9Total logistics services... 95.0 97.3 89.4 136.4 75.3 110.5 106.6 112.0 3.8 17.9 2.4Road transport ............... 28.3 24.8 27.4 30.0 31.2 30.3 39.5 38.3 1.3 35.2 4.4O<strong>the</strong>r services................ 8.7 13.8 18.7 21.4 20.2 20.5 22.7 26.6 0.9 204.2 17.2Total transport................ 37.1 38.6 46.1 51.4 51.4 50.8 62.2 64.9 2.2 75.1 8.3Total non-<strong>maritime</strong> ...... 2,525.4 2,587.3 2,411.9 2,717.1 2,464.6 2,707.6 2,607.6 2,728.8 92.7 8.1 1.1Direct effects ................ 2,677.6 2,735.9 2,580.5 2,905.4 2,671.3 2,898.1 2,809.9 2,942.9 100.0 9.9 1.4Allocation (p.m.)............. 6.6 4.9 14.7 7.5 9.8 6.7 14.4 13.9 - 109.6 11.2Source: NBB.NBB WORKING PAPER No. 56 - JUNE 2004 33