Introduction to Cyber-Warfare - Proiect SEMPER FIDELIS

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SUGGESTED FURTHER READING107220. WirtschaftsWoche (German language magazine). Wie anonymous scientology in die Knie Zwang. http://www.wiwo.de/technologie/digitale-welt/hackernetzwerk-wie-anonymous-scientology-in-die-knie-zwang/6908658.html; July 23, 2012 (excerpt of Parmy Olson’s 2012 book on Anonymous). [last accessed betweenDecember 2012 and February 2013].221. CNet. Technical aspects of the DDoS attacks upon the church of scientology. http://news.cnet.com/8301-10789_3-9858552-57.html; January 25, 2008 [last accessed between December 2012 and February 2013].222. LAist. Church of scientology strikes back—anonymous responds. http://laist.com/2008/03/23/church_of_scien.php; March 23, 2008 [last accessed between December 2012 and February 2013].223. LA Weekly. Anonymous’ vs. scientology: group targets ‘church’ headquarters. http://www.laweekly.com/2008-03-20/news/8220-anonymous-8221-vs-scientology/2/; March 17, 2008 [last accessed between December2012 and February 2013].224. Mancunian Matters. Manchester anonymous to hold anti-scientology protest following cruise-holmessplit. http://mancunianmatters.co.uk/content/13074409-manchester-anonymous-hold-anti-scientology-protestfollowing-cruise-holmes-split;July 13, 2012 [last accessed between December 2012 and February 2013].225. NineMSN. The internet pranksters who started a war. http://news.ninemsn.com.au/article.aspx?id¼459214;May 8, 2008 [last accessed between December 2012 and February 2013].226. WirtschaftsWoche (German language magazine). Wie anonymous scientology in die Knie Zwang. http://www.wiwo.de/technologie/digitale-welt/hackernetzwerk-wie-anonymous-scientology-in-die-knie-zwang/6908658.html; July 23, 2012 (excerpt of Parmy Olson’s 2012 book on Anonymous). [last accessed betweenDecember 2012 and February 2013].227. Atlantic Wire. The Hacks that mattered in the year of the hack. http://www.theatlanticwire.com/technology/2011/12/hacks-mattered-year-hack/46731/; December 28, 2011 [last accessed between December 2012 and February 2013].228. Peoples Liberation Front. Public Campaigns, Operation Syria. http://peoplesliberationfront.net/campaigns.html. [last accessed between December 2012 and February 2013].229. IT World. A conversation with Commander X. http://www.itworld.com/internet/137590/conversationcommander-x?page¼0%2C0;February 18, 2011 [last accessed between December 2012 and February 2013].230. Al Arabiya. WikiLeaks might have triggered Tunis’ revolution. http://www.alarabiya.net/articles/2011/01/15/133592.html; January 15, 2011 [last accessed between December 2012 and February 2013].231. Al Jazeera. How Tunisia’s revolution began. http://www.aljazeera.com/indepth/features/2011/01/2011126121815985483.html; January 26, 2011 [last accessed between December 2012 and February 2013].232. BBC News. Tunisia suicide protester Mohamed Bouazizi dies. http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-africa-12120228; January 5, 2011 [last accessed between December 2012 and February 2013].233. Al Jazeera. Tunisia’s bitter cyberwar. http://www.aljazeera.com/indepth/features/2011/01/20111614145839362.html; January 6, 2011 [last accessed between December 2012 and February 2013].234. Gawker. Anonymous attacks Tunisian Government over WikiLeaks censorship. http://gawker.com/5723104/anonymous-attacks-tunisian-government-over-WikiLeaks-censorship; January 3, 2011 [last accessed betweenDecember 2012 and February 2013].235. Al Jazeera. Tunisia’s bitter cyberwar. http://www.aljazeera.com/indepth/features/2011/01/20111614145839362.html; January 6, 2011 [last accessed between December 2012 and February 2013].236. IT World. A conversation with commander X. http://www.itworld.com/internet/137590/conversationcommander-x?page¼0%2C0;February 18, 2011 [last accessed between December 2012 and February 2013].237. Al Jazeera. Tunisia’s bitter cyberwar. http://www.aljazeera.com/indepth/features/2011/01/20111614145839362.html; January 6, 2011 [last accessed between December 2012 and February 2013].238. Al Jazeera. Anonymous and the Arab Uprisings. http://www.aljazeera.com/news/middleeast/2011/05/201151917634659824.html; May 19, 2011 [last accessed between December 2012 and February 2013].239. Al Jazeera. Tunisia’s bitter cyberwar. http://www.aljazeera.com/indepth/features/2011/01/20111614145839362.html; January 6, 2011 [last accessed between December 2012 and February 2013].240. Internetfeds. Remove Tunisian government phishing scripts. http://userscripts.org/scripts/show/94122;January 6, 2011 [last accessed between December 2012 and February 2013].241. Al Jazeera. Anonymous and the Arab uprisings. http://www.aljazeera.com/news/middleeast/2011/05/201151917634659824.html; May 19, 2011 [last accessed between December 2012 and February 2013].242. Agence France Press (AFP). Anonymous’ group hacks Tunisian Islamist sites. http://www.google.com/hostednews/afp/article/ALeqM5hwgwVBJdpJa0Jm1LsoCpW0HnophQ?docId¼CNG.a7aa7a5a7dd45ef26c7fad8a1c0a0dfe.401; March 17, 2012 [last accessed between December 2012 and February 2013].243. Al Jazeera. Anonymous and the Arab uprisings. http://www.aljazeera.com/news/middleeast/2011/05/201151917634659824.html; May 19, 2011 [last accessed between December 2012 and February 2013].
108 6. CYBER ATTACKS BY NONSTATE HACKING GROUPS: THE CASE OF ANONYMOUS AND ITS AFFILIATES244. Naked Security. Egypt versus the Internet—anonymous hackers launch DDoS-attack. http://nakedsecurity.sophos.com/2011/01/26/egypt-versus-the-internet-anonymous-hackers-launch-ddos-attack/; January26,2011[last accessed between December 2012 and February 2013].245. NakedSecurity. Egypt versusthe Internet—anonymoushackerslaunchDDoS-attack.http://nakedsecurity.sophos.com/2011/01/26/egypt-versus-the-internet-anonymous-hackers-launch-ddos-attack/; January 26, 2011 [lastaccessed between December 2012 and February 2013].246. Al Jazeera. Anonymous and the Arab uprisings. http://www.aljazeera.com/news/middleeast/2011/05/201151917634659824.html; May 19, 2011 [last accessed between December 2012 and February 2013].247. Huffington Post. Syrian ministry of defense website hacked by anonymous. http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2011/08/08/syria-ministry-of-defense-hacked-anonymous_n_920733.html; August 8, 2011 [last accessedbetween December 2012 and February 2013].248. Gawker. Anonymous hackers attack Yemeni government. http://gawker.com/5750513/anonymous-hackers-already-taking-down-yemeni-websites; February 2, 2011 [last accessed between December2012 and February 2013].249. Softpedia. Anonymous hackers publish details of Yemen’s Internet filtering systems. http://news.softpedia.com/news/Anonymous-Hackers-Publish-Details-of-Yemen-s-Internet-Filtering-Systems-281745.shtml; July 17,2012 [last accessed between December 2012 and February 2013].250. The Hacker News. Operation Algeria, part 2 by anonymous hackers released. http://thehackernews.com/2011/02/operation-algeria-part-2-by-anonymous.html; February 11, 2011 [last accessed between December 2012 andFebruary 2013].251. Naked Security. Pro-WikiLeaks hackers attack Zimbabwe government websites. http://nakedsecurity.sophos.com/2010/12/31/pro-wikileaks-hackers-attack-zimbabwe-government-websites/; December 31, 2010 [lastaccessed between December 2012 and February 2013].252. The Hacker News. Operation Italy press release: anonymous hackers will soon strike again. http://thehackernews.com/2011/02/operation-italy-press-release-anonymous.html; February 10, 2011 [last accessedbetween December 2012 and February 2013].253. Daily Caller. Who is Anonymous? A look at the hacktivists aiding revolution in the middle east. http://dailycaller.com/2011/02/26/who-is-anonymous-a-look-at-the-hacktivists-aiding-revolution-in-the-middleeast/2/;February 26, 2011 [last accessed between December 2012 and February 2013].254. Al Jazeera. Anonymous and the Arab uprisings. http://www.aljazeera.com/news/middleeast/2011/05/201151917634659824.html; May 19, 2011 [last accessed between December 2012 and February 2013].255. Ars Technica. Anonymous speaks: the inside story of the HBGary Hack. http://arstechnica.com/tech-policy/2011/02/anonymous-speaks-the-inside-story-of-the-hbgary-hack/; February 15, 2011 [last accessed betweenDecember 2012 and February 2013].256. Olson P. We are anonymous—inside the hacker world of LulzSec, anonymous, and the global cyber insurgency.New York, Boston, London: Little, Brown and Company; 2012 p. 17.257. eSecurity. Anonymous hackers target HB Gary. http://www.esecurityplanet.com/headlines/article.php/3923906/Anonymous-Hackers-Target-HBGary.htm; February 8, 2011 [last accessed between December 2012and February 2013].258. Ars Technica. Anonymous speaks: the inside story of the HBGary hack. http://arstechnica.com/tech-policy/2011/02/anonymous-speaks-the-inside-story-of-the-hbgary-hack/; February 15, 2011 [last accessed betweenDecember 2012 and February 2013].259. Ars Technica. Anonymous speaks: the inside story of the HBGary hack. http://arstechnica.com/tech-policy/2011/02/anonymous-speaks-the-inside-story-of-the-hbgary-hack/; February 15, 2011 [last accessed betweenDecember 2012 and February 2013].260. Olson P. We are anonymous—inside the hacker world of LulzSec, anonymous, and the global cyber insurgency.New York: Little Brown; 2012 p.20.261. Ars Technica. Anonymous speaks: the inside story of the HBGary Hack. http://arstechnica.com/tech-policy/2011/02/anonymous-speaks-the-inside-story-of-the-hbgary-hack/; February 15, 2011 [last accessed betweenDecember 2012 and February 2013].262. Ibid.263. Ars Technica. Anonymous speaks: the inside story of the HBGary hack. http://arstechnica.com/tech-policy/2011/02/anonymous-speaks-the-inside-story-of-the-hbgary-hack/; February 15, 2011 [last accessed betweenDecember 2012 and February 2013].
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INTRODUCTION TOCYBER-WARFARE
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INTRODUCTIONTO CYBER-WARFAREA Multi
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ContentsPreface ixForeword xiIntrod
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CONTENTSviiHow Real-World Dependenc
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PrefaceSince Stuxnet emerged in 201
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ForewordThe concept of cyber warfar
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IntroductionIt is 2006. An American
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INTRODUCTIONxvinfamous hacking grou
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BiographyPaulo Shakarian, Ph.D. is
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C H A P T E R1Cyber Warfare: Here a
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IS CYBER WAR A CREDIBLE THREAT?3sec
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ATTRIBUTION, DECEPTION, AND INTELLI
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INFORMATION ASSURANCE74. Time: Temp
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P A R T ICYBER ATTACKInformation ha
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C H A P T E R2Political Cyber Attac
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RUDIMENTARY BUT EFFECTIVE: DENIAL O
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THE DIFFICULTY OF ASSIGNING BLAME:
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ESTONIA IS HIT BY CYBER ATTACKS17FI
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ESTONIA IS HIT BY CYBER ATTACKS19Th
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22 2. POLITICAL CYBER ATTACK COMES
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24 3. HOW CYBER ATTACKS AUGMENTED R
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34 4. CYBER AND INFORMATION OPERATI
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44 5. CYBER ATTACK AGAINST INTERNAL
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160 8. DUQU, FLAME, GAUSS, THE NEXT
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172 9. LOSING TRUST IN YOUR FRIENDS
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186 10. INFORMATION THEFT ON THE TA
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200 11. CYBER WARFARE AGAINST INDUS
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210 12. CYBER ATTACKS AGAINST POWER
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224 13. ATTACKING IRANIAN NUCLEAR F
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242 CONCLUSION AND THE FUTURE OF CY
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246 APPENDIX I. CHAPTER 6: LULZSEC
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258 APPENDIX II. CHAPTER 6: ANONYMO
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308 GLOSSARYDDoS distributed denial
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310 GLOSSARYNIST National Institute
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314 INDEXCyber exploitation (Contin
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316 INDEXNATO (Continued)high-level
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318 INDEXTechnical intelligence (TE
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