Introduction to Cyber-Warfare - Proiect SEMPER FIDELIS

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A P P E N D I XIIChapter 6: Anonymous TimelineFollowing are examples of hacktivities blamed on and/or claimed and by respected Anonymous’publicity outlets and/or spokespersons and/or at least one of its different affiliates.Due to the nature of the pursued activity, it is not feasible to present a complete timeline ofhacks executed by Anonymous. Understandably in the beginning when Anonymous was notyet as popular, accounts of their activities were comparatively sparse, increasingly gainingmedia attention with extremely high coverage even of failed hacks, and may at some pointin the future fall out of the news’ “fashion” will likely return to the occasional media coverage(if at all). The list of hacks as shown below was compiled using open source media only andtherefore of course reflects individual stages of this cycle. In addition, the kind of activity pursuedby many individuals in the name of Anonymous allows a multitude of hacks in a24-hour period, especially considering the global scope and spread of the movement. In orderto provide further insight into the movement when available, we provided information on theideological motivation as stated by one or more of the cited outlets for the respective hack. Ifnothing else a glance at the list will reveal the collective’s evolution from the trolling horde ofimage boards, whose main interest lies in annoying other Internet users or interfering withpeoples’ offline lives—apparently without any moral restraint and guidance to a congregationof political activists. Anonymous has nothing but a likening in the name in common withits roots. Trolls (e.g., 4chan/b-tards or fags) decry the online, meanwhile globally spread collective“Moralfags” because under the banner of Anonymous hackers agree and adhere tomoral standards. It appears that the protest against the Church of Scientology, ProjectChanology, forms a turning point. The huge turnout of real-world protesters and of prankcallers might have been a wake-up call for those participants, who associated a moral dutywith the campaign. Increasingly the motives became more political in nature. Increasinglythe hacks were picked up and reported about in the media. After two years of insurmountablenumbers of hacks in the name of political activism, Anonymous has become an institution—ahouse, in which anybody disgruntled or idealist enough to take action can reside (Internetaccess-world-wide):257
258 APPENDIX II. CHAPTER 6: ANONYMOUS TIMELINEApproximatedateTarget, hacktivity, and modus operandi(where available)Motivation as stated (where available)2006 Habbo Hotel Raid—online game (repeatedly)invaded by uniform avatars blocking the entranceto the hotel’s pool with undertones pertaining oraddressing racism (Habbo did not provide African-American avatars, banned users with that avatar,avatars formed swastika like patterns) 1Bored Anons seeking to annoy otherInternet users 22006-2007 4chan/b/-tards/fags pick up news about the Lulz 4suicide of a seventh-grader and mock that hismotivation was the loss of his iPod (a message hehad posted on his MySpace page), b-tards defacehis MySpace page, post images of the dead withiPod as well as a YouTube clip of a re-enactment ofhis suicide, but also call the parents pretending tobe the ghost of their son for over a year 32006-2007 4chan/b/-tards/fags and Anonymous disruptwhite supremacist online radio show by makingprank phone calls blocking out calls of itsconstituency; Web site experiences DDoS attacksfrom b-tards, publication of personal data afterencouraging his fans to retaliate as well aspublishing personal details of prank callers 5Lulz/in protest of racist nature of radioshow 6July 2007Decmber 7,2007January 21,2008A Fox News channel airs its investigation into“Anonymous” 7Chris Forcand is arrested on accounts of afterAnons lure him on the Internet and alarm thepolice 8Project Chanology is launched inspired by aYouTube video, in which actor Tom Cruisepromotes Scientology; attacks included harassingphone calls, prank pizza deliveries, and black faxesas well as in-person protests in front of Scientologybranches 9No statement of motivation foundNo statement of motivation foundIn protest of Scientology’s retraction of thevideo, which are viewed as Internetcensorship 10June 2008January 2009Support Online Hip Hop (SOHH) experiencesmultiple DDoS-caused take-downs anddefacement (cross-site scripting) 11Anons claimed responsibility justifying theattacks as reaction to insults made bymembers of SOHH’s “Just Bugging Out”forum 12Anons target administrator of the Web site, No No Cussing Sucks—Campaign 14Cussing Club, and use the personal informationfound to make harassing phone calls and playpractical “jokes” 13January 26,2009Video release declares growing public awarenessand new technology that will put an end toconservative forces that depend on the exploitationand misinformation of the American public 15No statement of motivation foundContinued
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INTRODUCTION TOCYBER-WARFARE
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INTRODUCTIONTO CYBER-WARFAREA Multi
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ContentsPreface ixForeword xiIntrod
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CONTENTSviiHow Real-World Dependenc
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PrefaceSince Stuxnet emerged in 201
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ForewordThe concept of cyber warfar
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IntroductionIt is 2006. An American
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INTRODUCTIONxvinfamous hacking grou
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BiographyPaulo Shakarian, Ph.D. is
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C H A P T E R1Cyber Warfare: Here a
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IS CYBER WAR A CREDIBLE THREAT?3sec
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ATTRIBUTION, DECEPTION, AND INTELLI
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INFORMATION ASSURANCE74. Time: Temp
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P A R T ICYBER ATTACKInformation ha
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C H A P T E R2Political Cyber Attac
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RUDIMENTARY BUT EFFECTIVE: DENIAL O
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THE DIFFICULTY OF ASSIGNING BLAME:
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ESTONIA IS HIT BY CYBER ATTACKS17FI
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ESTONIA IS HIT BY CYBER ATTACKS19Th
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22 2. POLITICAL CYBER ATTACK COMES
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24 3. HOW CYBER ATTACKS AUGMENTED R
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34 4. CYBER AND INFORMATION OPERATI
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44 5. CYBER ATTACK AGAINST INTERNAL
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68 6. CYBER ATTACKS BY NONSTATE HAC
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100 6. CYBER ATTACKS BY NONSTATE HA
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114 7. WHY CYBER ESPIONAGE IS A KEY
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160 8. DUQU, FLAME, GAUSS, THE NEXT
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172 9. LOSING TRUST IN YOUR FRIENDS
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186 10. INFORMATION THEFT ON THE TA
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200 11. CYBER WARFARE AGAINST INDUS
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Page 261 and 262: 242 CONCLUSION AND THE FUTURE OF CY
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308 GLOSSARYDDoS distributed denial
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310 GLOSSARYNIST National Institute
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314 INDEXCyber exploitation (Contin
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316 INDEXNATO (Continued)high-level
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318 INDEXTechnical intelligence (TE
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