Introduction to Cyber-Warfare - Proiect SEMPER FIDELIS

70 6. CYBER ATTACKS BY NONSTATE HACKING GROUPS: THE CASE OF ANONYMOUS AND ITS AFFILIATESClub members engage in technical research, anonymity, and IT services, and organize conferences,campaigns (“Chaos Kampagnen”), and counsel politicians on information technology.It understands itself as a medium operating in the tensions created between socialdemands and technical development. 9 Its most famous founder was Herwart Holland-Moritz(Wau Holland), who back in 1981 wrote an article titled “Computer Guerilla” for a Germanleft-wing newspaper (“Die Tageszeitung”) when computers and certainly hackers were notcommonplace. 10 Shortly thereafter, he established the magazine “Datenschleuder” (literallytranslated: data slingshot, with the subtitle Scientific Journal for Data Travellers 11 ) for (aspiring)hackers. In 2008, the magazine provocatively featured the finger prints of the (then) Germaninterior minister, Wolfgang Schäuble, and added to the public discussion about privacy infringementby the government. 12 The newly incepted Chaos Computer Club set out to shattertrust in the security of computer systems. 13 Wau Holland, 14 founder of the CCC, was a technicianand a writer with political vision and viewed hacking as a cultural service, his sloganbeing “free access to information for everybody.” 15 He never sought to earn money with hisskills a;16 but instead eagerly wandered around teaching. 17 Externally, the Chaos ComputerClub describes itself as a part of the “Chaos Family,” b which is made up of regional versionsof the club (e.g., CCC Berlin, CCC Karlsruhe) and organizations that are close in ideology(e.g., a group of women computer scientists or a club that fights for civil rights and onlineprivacy), and/ or technically (e.g., a club of amateur radio enthusiasts). Internally the ChaosComputer Club features three levels of authority: member assembly, executive board, andadvisory board (“Erfa-Beirat”). 18 There is an initial and annual fee every member has topay. The CCC is regionally represented through “experience circles” (“Erfahrungskreise”)or regional franchises, throughout almost all of Germany’s states and neighboring countries.The club encourages on its Web site local foundations of the most basic and loose formof like-minded get-togethers in the so-called Chaos Meetings (“Chaos Treffs”). The headquartersin Hamburg appears keen to keep track of the various loose group meetingsand franchises and organizes annual meetings with Erfa directors, as well as themed congresses,and conferences of its own. Besides the annual Chaos Communication Congress,which had to be moved from Hamburg to Berlin due to the number of attendees, the GPN(“Gulaschprogrammiernacht” or goulash programming night c ) also has programming andhacking workshops and lectures on social as well as political issues on its agenda. The ChaosCommunication Camp is held every 4 years and provoked interest across borders, whichestablished English as primary language of the event. The camp features 30 (in 2007, 70 in2011 19 ) themed tent villages and an area dedicated to the arts. For the event in 2007, the project“Hackers on a Plane” (a nod to the 2006 Samuel Jackson movie “Snakes on a Plane”)flew participants in from the DefCon Conference in Las Vegas. 20 The Easterhegg is anotherannual happening that takes on the form of a conference with calls for papers that addressone of the topics of interest: “creative ways to utilize technology,” “biometric and genetic datasets,” “IT- and network security,” “hackerspaces,” “energy and the smart-grid,” “hacktivism,politics, and lobbyism,” “art with and around technology,” “government surveillance and dataa “No hacks for money” was one of his slogans.b http://www.ccc.de/de/club/chaosfamily.c A flyer from the co-organizer can be found here: https://entropia.de/wiki/images/6/69/GPN-Flyer.pdf.