A Case Study in Uttarakhand, Northern India - Geological & Mining ...

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4- 8ft deep 6 5 11 30.56 25.00 10 27.782ft- 2.5ft wide 9 1 10 27.78 37.50 14 38.893ft wide 1 0 1 2.78 4.17 0 0.00use flat stones 12 3 15 41.67 50.00 0 0.00if brick wall, 2.5ft wide 0 1 1 2.78 0.00 0 0.00if stone wall, 3.5 ft wide 0 1 1 2.78 0.00 0 0.00bricks 1.5 ft wide 1 0 1 2.78 4.17 0 0.00stone 2ft 1 0 1 2.78 4.17 0 0.00cement in foundation 2 3 5 13.89 8.33 1 2.78RCC net hook 3 0 3 8.33 12.50 0 0.00Walls Rudraprayag PSI AlmoraPSI Other Total % % %bands every 3ft 19 1 20 55.56 79.17 0 0.00flat stones 1 1 2 5.56 4.17 0 0.00bands 0 2 2 5.56 0.00 0 0.0018 inch thick for stone 0 1 1 2.78 0.00 23 63.899 inch in brick 0 1 1 2.78 0.00 2 5.56plinth 0 3 3 8.33 0.00 0 0.00lintel 0 1 1 2.78 0.00 0 0.00corner band 0 1 1 2.78 0.00 0 0.00throughstones 13 3 16 44.44 54.17 14 38.89column 0 1 1 2.78 0.00 0 0.00RCC 0 2 2 5.56 0.00 0 0.00bricks 2ft wide 1 0 1 2.78 4.17 0 0.00stone 3ft wide 1 0 1 2.78 4.17 0 0.00corner strengthening 2 0 2 5.56 8.33 1 2.78single steel rod 1 0 1 2.78 4.17 0 0.00Openings Rudraprayag PSI AlmoraPSI Other Total % % %small openings 20 6 26 72.22 83.33 18 50.00large openings 1 0 1 2.78 4.17 14 38.89use of iron in frame 0 1 0 0.00 0.00 0 0.00far from corners 3 1 4 11.11 12.50 1 2.78depends on wall size 3 3 6 16.67 12.50 2 5.56many openings 0 0 0 0.00 0.00 1 2.78Roof Rudraprayag PSI AlmoraPSI Other Total % % %use of RCC 0 1 1 2.78 0.00 12 33.333 inches 11 4 15 41.67 45.83 6 16.674 inches 2 2 4 11.11 8.33 16 44.44light roof 6 4 10 27.78 25.00 11 30.56thick roof 1 1 2 5.56 4.17 4 11.11no difference, thick or thin 0 1 1 2.78 0.00 0 0.003 in - 1 story, 4in - 2 story 3 0 3 8.33 12.50 0 0.00The Role of NGOs in Disaster Mitigation and Response – A Case Study in Uttarakhand, Northern India 93
sloped roof 0 0 0 0.00 0.00 1 2.78stone 0 0 0 0.00 0.00 1 2.7814. Please describe as many earthquake safe features for constructing frame structures as possible for the following:Foundation Rudraprayag PSI AlmoraPSI Other Total % % %dig until hard ground 14 1 15 41.67 58.33 17 47.222ft deep 2 9 11 30.56 8.33 0 0.004- 8ft deep 4 2 6 16.67 16.67 4 11.112ft- 2.5ft wide 9 0 9 25.00 37.50 9 25.003ft wide 1 0 1 2.78 4.17 0 0.00use flat stones 9 2 11 30.56 37.50 0 0.00if brick wall, 2.5ft wide 0 1 1 2.78 0.00 0 0.00if stone wall, 3.5 ft wide 0 1 1 2.78 0.00 0 0.00bricks 1.5 ft wide 1 0 1 2.78 4.17 0 0.00stone 2ft 1 0 1 2.78 4.17 0 0.00cement in foundation 3 1 4 11.11 12.50 1 2.78RCC net hook 4 0 4 11.11 16.67 0 0.00steel rod in column 2 0 2 5.56 8.33 0 0.00no idea 0 0 0 0.00 0.00 16 44.44Walls Rudraprayag PSI AlmoraPSI Other Total % % %bands every 3ft 17 0 17 47.22 70.83 0 0.009x9 inch column 3 3 6 16.67 12.50 14 38.899x12in column 0 0 0 0.00 0.00 2 5.5610x18in column 0 0 0 0.00 0.00 2 5.563x3ft foundation 1 1 2 5.56 4.17 5 13.891.5x1.5ft foundation 0 0 0 0.00 0.00 3 8.332.5x2.5 foundation 0 0 0 0.00 0.00 3 8.336 inch min b/t stirups 10 1 11 30.56 41.67 0 0.001ft min b/t rings 1 1 2 5.56 4.17 0 0.004 sut rod 14 2 16 44.44 58.33 0 0.002.5 sut rod 0 0 0 0.00 0.00 0 0.002 sut rings 10 1 11 30.56 41.67 0 0.00RCC column 2 1 3 8.33 8.33 0 0.00no idea 0 0 0 0.00 0.00 16 44.44Openings Rudraprayag PSI AlmoraPSI Other Total % % %small openings 19 2 21 58.33 79.17 2 5.56large openings 1 0 1 2.78 4.17 3 8.33far from corners 3 0 3 8.33 12.50 0 0.00depends on wall size 3 1 4 11.11 12.50 0 0.00many openings 0 0 0 0.00 0.00 0 0.00no idea 0 0 0 0.00 0.00 16 44.44no repsonse 0 0 0 0.00 0.00 14 38.89The Role of NGOs in Disaster Mitigation and Response – A Case Study in Uttarakhand, Northern India 94
Page 1 and 2:
The Role of Non GovernmentalOrganis
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Table of contentsChapter 1 - Introd
Page 5 and 6:
List of figuresFigure 1.1: Study re
Page 7 and 8:
preparedness, and has potential to
Page 9 and 10:
This case study investigates the im
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• What are homeowner perceptions
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Seismic activity in this area is du
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The study comprises two regions: St
Page 17 and 18:
1.4.1 - b Study Area B- Almora dist
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etc. operational). The study involv
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Chapter 2 - Theoretical Orientation
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2.1.2 VulnerabilityVulnerability is
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of a disaster everyone knows how to
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disaster management in the country,
Page 29 and 30:
Despite the apparent increased cons
Page 31 and 32:
2.3.1 Disaster Mitigation and Prepa
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save lives. This event marked a pri
Page 35 and 36:
Systems technologies and education
Page 37 and 38:
As suggested previously, there is a
Page 39 and 40:
on the main agenda (Benson et al, 2
Page 41 and 42:
Frame structureFramed structures ha
Page 43 and 44:
The curriculum of the PSI workshops
Page 45 and 46:
Figure 2.2a: Community based disast
Page 47 and 48:
district irrespective of the fact t
Page 49 and 50: etrofitting, monitoring and homeown
Page 51 and 52: structures as an alarming forty-fiv
Page 53 and 54: Reponses for what features masons t
Page 55 and 56: trained masons in the Study Area A
Page 57 and 58: ecommended that a similar study be
Page 59 and 60: 3.1.2b Awareness and Dissemination
Page 61 and 62: It is interesting to note that when
Page 63 and 64: Community based disaster preparedne
Page 65 and 66: 3.1.3 - Section 3 Housing Impact As
Page 67 and 68: Load-bearing1.single steel rod in e
Page 69 and 70: The overall proportion of newly bui
Page 71 and 72: etween stirrups of 6-12 inches. Alt
Page 73 and 74: Table 3.7: Percentage of safe house
Page 75 and 76: 3.2 DiscussionThe discussion segmen
Page 77 and 78: In Study Area A the number of earth
Page 79 and 80: 2) mitigation measures were taken i
Page 81 and 82: 3.3 ConclusionsIn conclusion, the s
Page 83 and 84: ReferencesAlexander, D., 1997. The
Page 85 and 86: Guptasarma, D. 1996. Is the Seismic
Page 87 and 88: Telford, J. and Cosgrave, J., 2007.
Page 89 and 90: Annex I - Earthquake safe featuresT
Page 91 and 92: The Role of NGOs in Disaster Mitiga
Page 97 and 98: Annex 2 - Mason Interview ResultsSt
Page 99: 11. How to make such a course more
Page 103 and 104: 17. Do homeowners request earthquak
Page 105 and 106: light roof 1 0 1 2.78 0 0.00RCC 1 3
Page 107 and 108: 6. How long have you lived in the v
Page 109 and 110: 16. Do you have an emergency commun
Page 111 and 112: 26. What activities related to the
Page 113 and 114: 36. Would you prefer traditional ma
Page 115 and 116: Appendix IV - Breakdown of earthqua
Page 117: Appendix IV - Breakdown of earthqua
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A Case Study in Uttarakhand, Northern India - Geological & Mining ...

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