A Case Study in Uttarakhand, Northern India - Geological & Mining ...

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October. Repetition of information is an essential component for behavior changeand in sustaining the endeavors of the task forces that have put in place in theregion.The study emphasizes that one of the main reasons homeowners are notincorporating earthquake-safe features in new constructions is due to pooreconomic condition. This study supports the recommendations of PSI’s 2005 and2006 housing impact assessments that suggest that this could be improved andfacilitated through incentives and/or tax benefits to ensure earthquake-safeconstruction and/or retrofitting are carried out in the state of Uttarakhand.A change in tack with respect to the training courses at PSI and other agenciesshould aim to increase the content with respect to frame structures in addition whatis covered for load-bearing practice. Practical experience should be an integral partof the training. In addition, and in congruence with the findings of the DMMC’srecent impact assessment on earthquake safety initiatives (2007), there is verylittle to no mention of bar bending techniques by any of the masons interviewed asimportant criteria for earthquake-safe construction. This should therefore beincluded to a greater extent in workshop curriculum. One day or three dayworkshops do not provide adequate time for training. It is recommended that allagencies developing training programmes seriously consider increasing the overalllength of training in addition to including frame structures as part of the overallpedagogy.The Almora region has received little to no training in earthquake-safe buildingfeatures, has had no disaster awareness campaigns and it lacking a DPO at thedistrict level. Despite this lack of planning and training it lies in Zone IV and V of theIndian seismic hazard map and is affected by natural hazards every year (Table3.1). The abundant construction taking place in the region in combination with thealarming number of untrained masons in Almora with no knowledge of framestructure construction should be addressed in training workshops. Additionally, it isThe Role of NGOs in Disaster Mitigation and Response – A Case Study in Uttarakhand, Northern India 49
ecommended that a similar study be carried out with migrant masons (mainly fromBihar) in Almora town where a great deal of framed structure construction isobserved.Table 3.1: Damages sustained from natural hazards, January-June 2007, Uttarakhand StateDistrict Human Livestock Buildings Barns AgriculturallivesPartial TotalLandAlmora 1 67 66 10 4 102.7Bageshwar 3 4 86 19 - 2.66Champawat 7 4 6 3 - -Pithoragath 6 14 - 26 - -Nainital 1 1 23 5 32 -Udhamsingh 2 12 - 50 - 223.50Haridwar 7 - 1 1 33 -Pauri - - - - - -Dehradun - - 1 - 150 -Rudraprayag 8 1 - - 1 -Uttarkashi 2 60 44 36 6 5.042Chamoli 10 194 114 18 24 -Tehri 4 11 44 6 1 5.3Total 51 368 385 174 251 339.2023.1.2- Section 2 Disaster Preparedness Questionnaire ofCommunity MembersA survey on hazard awareness among community members was conductedprimarily to determine if PSI’s presence and training programmes in the regionhave had a positive impact on raising community awareness of natural disastersand more specifically earthquake safety. A questionnaire was developed todetermine: a) current levels of disaster preparedness and perceptions of hazardsamong community members, b) what has been done for preparation to and withinthe home (ie. demanding earthquake-safe housing), c) what exists in the way ofcommunity emergency plans (task forces, who is in charge of communications,roads etc). Overall, the questionnaire comprised an assessment of levels ofpreparedness and education programmes within the communities.The Role of NGOs in Disaster Mitigation and Response – A Case Study in Uttarakhand, Northern India 50
Page 1 and 2:
The Role of Non GovernmentalOrganis
Page 3 and 4:
Table of contentsChapter 1 - Introd
Page 5 and 6: List of figuresFigure 1.1: Study re
Page 7 and 8: preparedness, and has potential to
Page 9 and 10: This case study investigates the im
Page 11 and 12: • What are homeowner perceptions
Page 13 and 14: Seismic activity in this area is du
Page 15 and 16: The study comprises two regions: St
Page 17 and 18: 1.4.1 - b Study Area B- Almora dist
Page 19 and 20: etc. operational). The study involv
Page 21 and 22: Chapter 2 - Theoretical Orientation
Page 23 and 24: 2.1.2 VulnerabilityVulnerability is
Page 25 and 26: of a disaster everyone knows how to
Page 27 and 28: disaster management in the country,
Page 29 and 30: Despite the apparent increased cons
Page 31 and 32: 2.3.1 Disaster Mitigation and Prepa
Page 33 and 34: save lives. This event marked a pri
Page 35 and 36: Systems technologies and education
Page 37 and 38: As suggested previously, there is a
Page 39 and 40: on the main agenda (Benson et al, 2
Page 41 and 42: Frame structureFramed structures ha
Page 43 and 44: The curriculum of the PSI workshops
Page 45 and 46: Figure 2.2a: Community based disast
Page 47 and 48: district irrespective of the fact t
Page 49 and 50: etrofitting, monitoring and homeown
Page 51 and 52: structures as an alarming forty-fiv
Page 53 and 54: Reponses for what features masons t
Page 55: trained masons in the Study Area A
Page 59 and 60: 3.1.2b Awareness and Dissemination
Page 61 and 62: It is interesting to note that when
Page 63 and 64: Community based disaster preparedne
Page 65 and 66: 3.1.3 - Section 3 Housing Impact As
Page 67 and 68: Load-bearing1.single steel rod in e
Page 69 and 70: The overall proportion of newly bui
Page 71 and 72: etween stirrups of 6-12 inches. Alt
Page 73 and 74: Table 3.7: Percentage of safe house
Page 75 and 76: 3.2 DiscussionThe discussion segmen
Page 77 and 78: In Study Area A the number of earth
Page 79 and 80: 2) mitigation measures were taken i
Page 81 and 82: 3.3 ConclusionsIn conclusion, the s
Page 83 and 84: ReferencesAlexander, D., 1997. The
Page 85 and 86: Guptasarma, D. 1996. Is the Seismic
Page 87 and 88: Telford, J. and Cosgrave, J., 2007.
Page 89 and 90: Annex I - Earthquake safe featuresT
Page 91 and 92: The Role of NGOs in Disaster Mitiga
Page 97 and 98: Annex 2 - Mason Interview ResultsSt
Page 99 and 100: 11. How to make such a course more
Page 101 and 102: sloped roof 0 0 0 0.00 0.00 1 2.78s
Page 103 and 104: 17. Do homeowners request earthquak
Page 105 and 106: light roof 1 0 1 2.78 0 0.00RCC 1 3
Page 107 and 108:
6. How long have you lived in the v
Page 109 and 110:
16. Do you have an emergency commun
Page 111 and 112:
26. What activities related to the
Page 113 and 114:
36. Would you prefer traditional ma
Page 115 and 116:
Appendix IV - Breakdown of earthqua
Page 117:
Appendix IV - Breakdown of earthqua
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