A Case Study in Uttarakhand, Northern India - Geological & Mining ...

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AcknowledgmentsI would to thank Dr. Ravi Chopra at the People’s Science Institute in Dehra Doonfor the invitation to work in such an incredible environment. This work could nothave been completed without the close collaboration with the members of theCenter for Disaster Mitigation and Response within PSI; in particular I would like toexpress my gratitude to Deepa Negi and Anandita Nadu for their input,contributions and more than useful discussions. I would like to thank Jim Phelan forhis guidance and support as well as Wolfgang Schmitt and Aoife Braiden for usefulcomments and support. Thanks to my family who encouraged me to return toacademia and have been a wonderful support during this time.The Role of NGOs in Disaster Mitigation and Response – A Case Study in Uttarakhand, Northern IndiaI
Table of contentsChapter 1 - Introduction 1.................................................................................. 11.1 Background and problem statement ..................................................... 11.2 Study Objectives and Utility .................................................................. 21.3 Specific Objectives ................................................................................ 31.4 Research Design .................................................................................. 41.4.1 Study Region .................................................................................... 41.4.1 – a Study Area A – Rudraprayag district, Garwhal region ................ 91.4.1 – b Study Area B- Almora district, Kumaon region ......................... 101.4.2 Methods ...................................................................................... 101.4.2 - Section 1 Interviews with trained and untrained masons ............. 101.4.2 - Section 2 Preparedness Questionnaire directed at CommunityMembers ................................................................................................ 111.4.2 - Section 3 Housing Impact Assessment ....................................... 12Load Bearing .......................................................................................... 13Frame structure ...................................................................................... 13Chapter 2 – Theoretical Orientation ............................................................... 142.1 Definitions and theories ...................................................................... 142.1.1 Natural disaster ........................................................................... 142.1.2 Vulnerability ................................................................................ 162.1.3 Disaster Mitigation and Preparedness ........................................ 172.1.4 Disasters and Development ........................................................ 182.2 Natural hazards: the Indian context .................................................... 192.2.1 Natural Hazards in India ............................................................. 192.2.2 Natural Hazards in Uttarakhand .................................................. 222.3 Disaster mitigation and preparedness – role of Non GovernmentalOrganisations ................................................................................................ 232.3.1 Disaster Mitigation and Preparedness ........................................ 242.3.2 Where does mitigation and preparedness fit in the “disastercontinuum”? ............................................................................................... 272.3.3 What is the role of NGOs in DMP? ............................................. 292.4 PSI’s mitigation and preparedness programmes ................................ 332.4.1 Mitigation strategies - earthquake-safe housing .............................. 33Load-bearing .......................................................................................... 33Frame structure ...................................................................................... 342.4.2 Preparedness Initiatives ................................................................... 352.4.2 – a Mason training .......................................................................... 352.4.2 – b Disaster preparedness and awareness at community level ..... 36Chapter 3 – Present findings and conclusions.............................................. 413.1 Results ................................................................................................ 413.1.1- Section 1 Interviews with trained and untrained masons ................ 413.1.1a Demographics respondents .................................................... 42The Role of NGOs in Disaster Mitigation and Response – A Case Study in Uttarakhand, Northern IndiaII
Page 1: The Role of Non GovernmentalOrganis
Page 5 and 6: List of figuresFigure 1.1: Study re
Page 7 and 8: preparedness, and has potential to
Page 9 and 10: This case study investigates the im
Page 11 and 12: • What are homeowner perceptions
Page 13 and 14: Seismic activity in this area is du
Page 15 and 16: The study comprises two regions: St
Page 17 and 18: 1.4.1 - b Study Area B- Almora dist
Page 19 and 20: etc. operational). The study involv
Page 21 and 22: Chapter 2 - Theoretical Orientation
Page 23 and 24: 2.1.2 VulnerabilityVulnerability is
Page 25 and 26: of a disaster everyone knows how to
Page 27 and 28: disaster management in the country,
Page 29 and 30: Despite the apparent increased cons
Page 31 and 32: 2.3.1 Disaster Mitigation and Prepa
Page 33 and 34: save lives. This event marked a pri
Page 35 and 36: Systems technologies and education
Page 37 and 38: As suggested previously, there is a
Page 39 and 40: on the main agenda (Benson et al, 2
Page 41 and 42: Frame structureFramed structures ha
Page 43 and 44: The curriculum of the PSI workshops
Page 45 and 46: Figure 2.2a: Community based disast
Page 47 and 48: district irrespective of the fact t
Page 49 and 50: etrofitting, monitoring and homeown
Page 51 and 52: structures as an alarming forty-fiv
Page 53 and 54:
Reponses for what features masons t
Page 55 and 56:
trained masons in the Study Area A
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ecommended that a similar study be
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3.1.2b Awareness and Dissemination
Page 61 and 62:
It is interesting to note that when
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Community based disaster preparedne
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3.1.3 - Section 3 Housing Impact As
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Load-bearing1.single steel rod in e
Page 69 and 70:
The overall proportion of newly bui
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etween stirrups of 6-12 inches. Alt
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Table 3.7: Percentage of safe house
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3.2 DiscussionThe discussion segmen
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In Study Area A the number of earth
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2) mitigation measures were taken i
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3.3 ConclusionsIn conclusion, the s
Page 83 and 84:
ReferencesAlexander, D., 1997. The
Page 85 and 86:
Guptasarma, D. 1996. Is the Seismic
Page 87 and 88:
Telford, J. and Cosgrave, J., 2007.
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Annex I - Earthquake safe featuresT
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The Role of NGOs in Disaster Mitiga
Page 93 and 94:
Page 95 and 96:
Page 97 and 98:
Annex 2 - Mason Interview ResultsSt
Page 99 and 100:
11. How to make such a course more
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sloped roof 0 0 0 0.00 0.00 1 2.78s
Page 103 and 104:
17. Do homeowners request earthquak
Page 105 and 106:
light roof 1 0 1 2.78 0 0.00RCC 1 3
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6. How long have you lived in the v
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16. Do you have an emergency commun
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26. What activities related to the
Page 113 and 114:
36. Would you prefer traditional ma
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Appendix IV - Breakdown of earthqua
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Appendix IV - Breakdown of earthqua
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