A Case Study in Uttarakhand, Northern India - Geological & Mining ...

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earthquake safe building practices through PSI (67% of respondents) or the stategovernment (33% of respondents). Surveyors obtained lists of masons living inStudy Area A that had been trained within the last five years by either organisation.Local masons were randomly selected in Study Area B. Interviews were conductedin local language and results translated and interpreted.Construction of houses in rural areas is generally solely carried out by masons,without specific input by engineers. The onus is generally on the homeowner tospecify a rough plan for the building; the mason then is largely responsible for theconstruction details. The skills and knowledge of the mason will therefore dictate abuilding's resilience to an earthquake. The 26 questions developed for theinterview were created in an effort to gauge the extent to which training workshopshave influenced and enhanced a mason's skill base with respect to earthquakesafe construction and to obtain an impression of homeowner perceptions onearthquake safe features. The interview questions were largely open-endedquestions. All responses were coded and quantified, values are expressed inpercentages.1.4.2 - Section 2 Preparedness Questionnaire directed at CommunityMembersThis section of the study presents the results of a general survey and assessmentof levels of preparedness and education programmes within the communities bymeans of a questionnaire. The aim was to determine whether or not the project hashad an impact on changing the behaviour of community members with respect todisaster preparedness.The 36 questions that constitute the questionnaire were developed to determinewhat the current level of preparedness is among community members (Annex II –questionnaire and results): levels of awareness and perceptions of hazards,preparation within the home (i.e. demanding earthquake safe housing), communityemergency plans (task forces, responsibility for keeping communication, roads,The Role of NGOs in Disaster Mitigation and Response – A Case Study in Uttarakhand, Northern India 11
etc. operational). The study involved the distribution of the questionnaire to 190individuals; 85 each in the Study Area A and B, respectively. The survey consistsof mainly closed questions. Responses for the few open-ended questions werecoded and quantified. Results are expressed as percentages.On average, four copies of the questionnaire were distributed in each village. Inorder to monitor the long-term effects/impact of local task forces established by thePSI in 2005, at least one task force member per village was selected in Study AreaA. The remaining participants were randomly selected. It was the aim of the surveyleaders to obtain a fair representation of the community with respect to age,gender, and level of education. Surveys were printed and conducted in locallanguage and results translated and interpreted.1.4.2 - Section 3 Housing Impact AssessmentA survey was conducted of all new constructions during the last 12 months in bothstudy regions: Study Area A – Rudraprayag district, where PSI has workedextensively on disaster awareness programmes and has trained over 200 masonsin earthquake safe building features; Study Area B – Almora district, where nomasons have been trained in earthquake safe building features and disasterawareness campaigns have not been initiated by PSI or other agencies.Assessment of recent construction was limited to the villages selected in eachrespective study area. A checklist for essential structural features was developedwith PSI engineers based on previous impact assessments, as previouslydescribed in the framework section of this thesis (Table 1.3) (for a pictorialdescription of features please refer to Annex I). In those cases where houses hadalready been plastered (making it difficult to examine the masonry with respect toearthquake-safe features) short interviews were conducted with the homeowner or,if possible, the mason to determine these features.The Role of NGOs in Disaster Mitigation and Response – A Case Study in Uttarakhand, Northern India 12
Page 1 and 2: The Role of Non GovernmentalOrganis
Page 3 and 4: Table of contentsChapter 1 - Introd
Page 5 and 6: List of figuresFigure 1.1: Study re
Page 7 and 8: preparedness, and has potential to
Page 9 and 10: This case study investigates the im
Page 11 and 12: • What are homeowner perceptions
Page 13 and 14: Seismic activity in this area is du
Page 15 and 16: The study comprises two regions: St
Page 17: 1.4.1 - b Study Area B- Almora dist
Page 21 and 22: Chapter 2 - Theoretical Orientation
Page 23 and 24: 2.1.2 VulnerabilityVulnerability is
Page 25 and 26: of a disaster everyone knows how to
Page 27 and 28: disaster management in the country,
Page 29 and 30: Despite the apparent increased cons
Page 31 and 32: 2.3.1 Disaster Mitigation and Prepa
Page 33 and 34: save lives. This event marked a pri
Page 35 and 36: Systems technologies and education
Page 37 and 38: As suggested previously, there is a
Page 39 and 40: on the main agenda (Benson et al, 2
Page 41 and 42: Frame structureFramed structures ha
Page 43 and 44: The curriculum of the PSI workshops
Page 45 and 46: Figure 2.2a: Community based disast
Page 47 and 48: district irrespective of the fact t
Page 49 and 50: etrofitting, monitoring and homeown
Page 51 and 52: structures as an alarming forty-fiv
Page 53 and 54: Reponses for what features masons t
Page 55 and 56: trained masons in the Study Area A
Page 57 and 58: ecommended that a similar study be
Page 59 and 60: 3.1.2b Awareness and Dissemination
Page 61 and 62: It is interesting to note that when
Page 63 and 64: Community based disaster preparedne
Page 65 and 66: 3.1.3 - Section 3 Housing Impact As
Page 67 and 68: Load-bearing1.single steel rod in e
Page 69 and 70:
The overall proportion of newly bui
Page 71 and 72:
etween stirrups of 6-12 inches. Alt
Page 73 and 74:
Table 3.7: Percentage of safe house
Page 75 and 76:
3.2 DiscussionThe discussion segmen
Page 77 and 78:
In Study Area A the number of earth
Page 79 and 80:
2) mitigation measures were taken i
Page 81 and 82:
3.3 ConclusionsIn conclusion, the s
Page 83 and 84:
ReferencesAlexander, D., 1997. The
Page 85 and 86:
Guptasarma, D. 1996. Is the Seismic
Page 87 and 88:
Telford, J. and Cosgrave, J., 2007.
Page 89 and 90:
Annex I - Earthquake safe featuresT
Page 91 and 92:
The Role of NGOs in Disaster Mitiga
Page 93 and 94:
Page 95 and 96:
Page 97 and 98:
Annex 2 - Mason Interview ResultsSt
Page 99 and 100:
11. How to make such a course more
Page 101 and 102:
sloped roof 0 0 0 0.00 0.00 1 2.78s
Page 103 and 104:
17. Do homeowners request earthquak
Page 105 and 106:
light roof 1 0 1 2.78 0 0.00RCC 1 3
Page 107 and 108:
6. How long have you lived in the v
Page 109 and 110:
16. Do you have an emergency commun
Page 111 and 112:
26. What activities related to the
Page 113 and 114:
36. Would you prefer traditional ma
Page 115 and 116:
Appendix IV - Breakdown of earthqua
Page 117:
Appendix IV - Breakdown of earthqua
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