disaster will always necessitate vulnerability mapp<strong>in</strong>g, needs assessments, andrecovery strategies <strong>in</strong> areas exposed to natural hazards. By <strong>in</strong>tegrat<strong>in</strong>gpreparedness programmes and work<strong>in</strong>g on exist<strong>in</strong>g local development projectspre- and post-disaster, vulnerabilities to hazard and risk, and the subsequent needfor, or dependency on, assistance can be greatly reduced.NGOs are no longer conf<strong>in</strong>ed to offer<strong>in</strong>g a quick fix for short-term rehabilitation.Instead they can be a means of facilitat<strong>in</strong>g susta<strong>in</strong>able recovery and development,<strong>in</strong> turn empower<strong>in</strong>g locals to manage their own environments. While improv<strong>in</strong>gcoord<strong>in</strong>ation with all stakeholders, pressure can be put on top-down powerstructures responsible for the decisions that shape policy for these environments.Disaster mitigation and preparedness strategies most certa<strong>in</strong>ly need to bema<strong>in</strong>streamed <strong>in</strong> the near future. NGOs are well positioned to facilitate this processthrough achiev<strong>in</strong>g improved coord<strong>in</strong>ation and a higher level of professionalismwith<strong>in</strong> this field.The Role of NGOs <strong>in</strong> Disaster Mitigation and Response – A <strong>Case</strong> <strong>Study</strong> <strong>in</strong> <strong>Uttarakhand</strong>, <strong>Northern</strong> <strong>India</strong> 75
ReferencesAlexander, D., 1997. The <strong>Study</strong> of Natural Disasters, 1977-1997: Some Refectionson a Chang<strong>in</strong>g Field of Knowledge. Disasters, 21 (4): 284-304.Allen, T. and Thomas, A. (eds) 2004. Poverty and Development <strong>in</strong>to the 21 stCentury. Oxford: The Open University Press. (Chapter 2)Agenda item 2: Transition from relief to development, focus<strong>in</strong>g on natural disasters,Background document. Jo<strong>in</strong>t Meet<strong>in</strong>g of the Executive Boards of UNDP/UNFPA, UNICEFand WFP, 20 and 23 January 2006, United NationsBeck, T. (2005). South Asia Earthquake 2005 – Learn<strong>in</strong>g from previous recoveryoperations. Active Learn<strong>in</strong>g Network for Accountability and Performance <strong>in</strong>Humanitarian Action. Lessons Learned Studies. ALNAP, LondonBenson, C., Twigg, J. and Myers, M., 2001. NGO Initiatives <strong>in</strong> Risk Reduction: AnOverview. Disasters, 25 (3): 199-215.Bhandari, R.K., 2005. Disaster Management <strong>in</strong> <strong>India</strong> – A New Awaken<strong>in</strong>g. Journalon Disaster.Booz Allen Hamilton, 2005. Disaster Relief – Improv<strong>in</strong>g Response and Long TermRecovery. US. Chamber of Commerce, Center for Coorporate Citizenship andBooz Allen Hamilton.Bureau of <strong>India</strong>n Standards. Status Report on Standardization Efforts <strong>in</strong> the area ofMitigation of Natural Hazards. Government of <strong>India</strong>n, Department for HomeAffairs.”Burton, I., Kates, R.W., White, G.F., 1978. The Environment as a Hazard (1stedn.). Oxford University Press, New York. Seen <strong>in</strong>, Alexander, D., 1997. The <strong>Study</strong>of Natural Disasters, 1977-1997: Some Refections on a Chang<strong>in</strong>g Field ofKnowledge. Disasters, 21 (4): 284-304.Centre for Disaster Mitigation and Response, 2004a. Progress Report 2004.People’s Science Institue.Centre for Disaster Mitigation and Response, 2004b. Project Proposal 2004.People’s Science Institue.Comfort, L., Wisner, B, Cutter, S. Pulwarty, R. Hewitt, K., Oliver-Smith, A., We<strong>in</strong>er,J, Fordham, M., Peacock, W. and Krimgold, F. (1999). Refram<strong>in</strong>g disaster policy:the global evolution of vulnerable communities. Environmental Hazards 1 pp. 39-44The Role of NGOs <strong>in</strong> Disaster Mitigation and Response – A <strong>Case</strong> <strong>Study</strong> <strong>in</strong> <strong>Uttarakhand</strong>, <strong>Northern</strong> <strong>India</strong> 76
- Page 1 and 2:
The Role of Non GovernmentalOrganis
- Page 3 and 4:
Table of contentsChapter 1 - Introd
- Page 5 and 6:
List of figuresFigure 1.1: Study re
- Page 7 and 8:
preparedness, and has potential to
- Page 9 and 10:
This case study investigates the im
- Page 11 and 12:
• What are homeowner perceptions
- Page 13 and 14:
Seismic activity in this area is du
- Page 15 and 16:
The study comprises two regions: St
- Page 17 and 18:
1.4.1 - b Study Area B- Almora dist
- Page 19 and 20:
etc. operational). The study involv
- Page 21 and 22:
Chapter 2 - Theoretical Orientation
- Page 23 and 24:
2.1.2 VulnerabilityVulnerability is
- Page 25 and 26:
of a disaster everyone knows how to
- Page 27 and 28:
disaster management in the country,
- Page 29 and 30:
Despite the apparent increased cons
- Page 31 and 32: 2.3.1 Disaster Mitigation and Prepa
- Page 33 and 34: save lives. This event marked a pri
- Page 35 and 36: Systems technologies and education
- Page 37 and 38: As suggested previously, there is a
- Page 39 and 40: on the main agenda (Benson et al, 2
- Page 41 and 42: Frame structureFramed structures ha
- Page 43 and 44: The curriculum of the PSI workshops
- Page 45 and 46: Figure 2.2a: Community based disast
- Page 47 and 48: district irrespective of the fact t
- Page 49 and 50: etrofitting, monitoring and homeown
- Page 51 and 52: structures as an alarming forty-fiv
- Page 53 and 54: Reponses for what features masons t
- Page 55 and 56: trained masons in the Study Area A
- Page 57 and 58: ecommended that a similar study be
- Page 59 and 60: 3.1.2b Awareness and Dissemination
- Page 61 and 62: It is interesting to note that when
- Page 63 and 64: Community based disaster preparedne
- Page 65 and 66: 3.1.3 - Section 3 Housing Impact As
- Page 67 and 68: Load-bearing1.single steel rod in e
- Page 69 and 70: The overall proportion of newly bui
- Page 71 and 72: etween stirrups of 6-12 inches. Alt
- Page 73 and 74: Table 3.7: Percentage of safe house
- Page 75 and 76: 3.2 DiscussionThe discussion segmen
- Page 77 and 78: In Study Area A the number of earth
- Page 79 and 80: 2) mitigation measures were taken i
- Page 81: 3.3 ConclusionsIn conclusion, the s
- Page 85 and 86: Guptasarma, D. 1996. Is the Seismic
- Page 87 and 88: Telford, J. and Cosgrave, J., 2007.
- Page 89 and 90: Annex I - Earthquake safe featuresT
- Page 91 and 92: The Role of NGOs in Disaster Mitiga
- Page 93 and 94: The Role of NGOs in Disaster Mitiga
- Page 95 and 96: The Role of NGOs in Disaster Mitiga
- Page 97 and 98: Annex 2 - Mason Interview ResultsSt
- Page 99 and 100: 11. How to make such a course more
- Page 101 and 102: sloped roof 0 0 0 0.00 0.00 1 2.78s
- Page 103 and 104: 17. Do homeowners request earthquak
- Page 105 and 106: light roof 1 0 1 2.78 0 0.00RCC 1 3
- Page 107 and 108: 6. How long have you lived in the v
- Page 109 and 110: 16. Do you have an emergency commun
- Page 111 and 112: 26. What activities related to the
- Page 113 and 114: 36. Would you prefer traditional ma
- Page 115 and 116: Appendix IV - Breakdown of earthqua
- Page 117: Appendix IV - Breakdown of earthqua