A Case Study in Uttarakhand, Northern India - Geological & Mining ...

More documents

Recommendations

Info

etrofitted to meet safe building standards, however, important buildings such asschools, hospitals and safe shelters (community centers) should be amended.Importantly, guidelines need to be developed and adhered to for building bye-laws.Increased monitoring of building is also necessary to ensure that these practicesare in fact being adhered to.2.4.2 Preparedness Initiatives2.4.2 – a Mason trainingA report by Christian Aid following the response to the Gujarat earthquake of 2001(Palakudiyil and Todd, 2003) noted that community level perceptions on buildingmaterials and practices plays a large role in the subsequent poor construction ofbuildings in the area. Problems with new materials and associated new buildingtechniques were not readily understood and houses were poorly built as a result.PSI have taken the points of these “lessons learned” into consideration in thedevelopment of their various earthquake safety programmes. The programmescombine practical hands-on training for masons as well as dissemination ofinformation to homeowners in order to promote understanding of which featuresare best for earthquake resilient housing. Pamphlets and posters illustratingspecific earthquake safety features have been developed and disseminated tomeet this end. A lack of awareness both preceding and during the constructionphase, needs to be directed at both the grassroots level as well as politicians (highpower structures) (MFH Report 2007).PSI has trained over 200 masons in earthquake-safe construction techniques since2004 in the state of Uttarakhand. In particular, Rudraprayag was used as a pilotarea in partnership with Center for Development Initiatives (CDI). Eight workshopswere organized and 130 local masons were trained in what is Study Area A of thispaper. This was part of a greater disaster awareness programme that wasimplemented over a two-year period in the area.The Role of NGOs in Disaster Mitigation and Response – A Case Study in Uttarakhand, Northern India 35
The curriculum of the PSI workshops combines classroom lectures, discussion anda large component of practical training. Theoretical concepts are described with theaid of photographs, slide shows, films, and three-dimensional models and preparedliterature and poster sets. Topics covered include: the effects of seismic forces onbuildings, material properties and their use, site selection, building shapes,foundations, walls, tie-bands, corner strengthening, appropriate spaces for andsizes for open spaces, framed structures, temporary shelters and retrofitting.The workshops offered by other agencies in the region are similar in structure butare typically held for one day or three days. Little to no emphasis is placed onframe structures and practical training is somewhat limited due to time constraints.2.4.2 – b Disaster preparedness and awareness at community levelTo facilitate community participation in awareness programmes and campaignsComfort et al, (1999) recommend the following strategies aimed at reducing theaffects of disasters while working within the local community (pre, during, or postdisaster): a) multi-way information exchange, promoting increased sharing ofinformation surrounding risks thereby promoting self organization; b) informedaction at local levels, through training or capacity building; and c) enabling affectedpopulations, the push for locals to “manage their own environments moreresponsibly and equitably over the long term by joining in a global structure thatsupports informed, responsible, systematic actions to improve local conditions invulnerable regions”. PSI has endeavoured to employ these strategies in its DMPprogrammes.In 2005, fifty-four villages in the Rudraprayag region (Study Area A of this paper)were targeted with a series of disaster preparedness and mitigation initiatives bymeans of developing vulnerability plans, community task force groups, and variousself-help groups. The objectives of this programme were as follows:1) To create mass awareness about disaster vulnerabilities and preparednessmeasures in Rudraprayag district.The Role of NGOs in Disaster Mitigation and Response – A Case Study in Uttarakhand, Northern India 36
Page 1 and 2: The Role of Non GovernmentalOrganis
Page 3 and 4: Table of contentsChapter 1 - Introd
Page 5 and 6: List of figuresFigure 1.1: Study re
Page 7 and 8: preparedness, and has potential to
Page 9 and 10: This case study investigates the im
Page 11 and 12: • What are homeowner perceptions
Page 13 and 14: Seismic activity in this area is du
Page 15 and 16: The study comprises two regions: St
Page 17 and 18: 1.4.1 - b Study Area B- Almora dist
Page 19 and 20: etc. operational). The study involv
Page 21 and 22: Chapter 2 - Theoretical Orientation
Page 23 and 24: 2.1.2 VulnerabilityVulnerability is
Page 25 and 26: of a disaster everyone knows how to
Page 27 and 28: disaster management in the country,
Page 29 and 30: Despite the apparent increased cons
Page 31 and 32: 2.3.1 Disaster Mitigation and Prepa
Page 33 and 34: save lives. This event marked a pri
Page 35 and 36: Systems technologies and education
Page 37 and 38: As suggested previously, there is a
Page 39 and 40: on the main agenda (Benson et al, 2
Page 41: Frame structureFramed structures ha
Page 45 and 46: Figure 2.2a: Community based disast
Page 47 and 48: district irrespective of the fact t
Page 49 and 50: etrofitting, monitoring and homeown
Page 51 and 52: structures as an alarming forty-fiv
Page 53 and 54: Reponses for what features masons t
Page 55 and 56: trained masons in the Study Area A
Page 57 and 58: ecommended that a similar study be
Page 59 and 60: 3.1.2b Awareness and Dissemination
Page 61 and 62: It is interesting to note that when
Page 63 and 64: Community based disaster preparedne
Page 65 and 66: 3.1.3 - Section 3 Housing Impact As
Page 67 and 68: Load-bearing1.single steel rod in e
Page 69 and 70: The overall proportion of newly bui
Page 71 and 72: etween stirrups of 6-12 inches. Alt
Page 73 and 74: Table 3.7: Percentage of safe house
Page 75 and 76: 3.2 DiscussionThe discussion segmen
Page 77 and 78: In Study Area A the number of earth
Page 79 and 80: 2) mitigation measures were taken i
Page 81 and 82: 3.3 ConclusionsIn conclusion, the s
Page 83 and 84: ReferencesAlexander, D., 1997. The
Page 85 and 86: Guptasarma, D. 1996. Is the Seismic
Page 87 and 88: Telford, J. and Cosgrave, J., 2007.
Page 89 and 90: Annex I - Earthquake safe featuresT
Page 91 and 92: The Role of NGOs in Disaster Mitiga
Page 93 and 94:
The Role of NGOs in Disaster Mitiga
Page 95 and 96:
The Role of NGOs in Disaster Mitiga
Page 97 and 98:
Annex 2 - Mason Interview ResultsSt
Page 99 and 100:
11. How to make such a course more
Page 101 and 102:
sloped roof 0 0 0 0.00 0.00 1 2.78s
Page 103 and 104:
17. Do homeowners request earthquak
Page 105 and 106:
light roof 1 0 1 2.78 0 0.00RCC 1 3
Page 107 and 108:
6. How long have you lived in the v
Page 109 and 110:
16. Do you have an emergency commun
Page 111 and 112:
26. What activities related to the
Page 113 and 114:
36. Would you prefer traditional ma
Page 115 and 116:
Appendix IV - Breakdown of earthqua
Page 117:
Appendix IV - Breakdown of earthqua
show all

A Case Study in Uttarakhand, Northern India - Geological & Mining ...

You also want an ePaper? Increase the reach of your titles

Delete template?

Save as template?