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Helping Africarespond toclimate changeimpactDelhi Sustainable DevelopmentSummit 2009: Towards Copenhagen:an equitable and ethical approach -Multilateral Institutions SessionNew Delhi, India6 February 2009Climate change is now recognised as an inescapable challengethat represents a great threat to economic growth, social cohesionand ecosystem integrity and productivity.Three broad features distinguish Africa’s plight in the face of climatechange and its adverse impacts. These features underpin Africa’surgently needed responses to climate change and should shape Africa’sengagement with the global community in the pursuit of effectiveremedial measures.The first feature is the low contribution of Africa to climate change.African countries have contributed the least to the global pool ofgreenhouse gases, which are the major cause of the climate changephenomenon. Estimates indicate that Africa has contributed onlyabout 3.8 percent of the total greenhouse gases.The second feature is the disproportionate African distress from theimpacts of climate change. Despite Africa’s marginal contributionto the cumulative global greenhouse gases concentration, all projectionssuggest that the continent will be the most distressed byclimate change impacts. These include, among others, increasingwater stress and water-related conflicts; constrained agriculturalproduction and increasing food insecurity; increasing energy con-228 Part Five
straints; expanding range and prevalence of vector-borne diseases;and loss of biodiversity, forests and other habitats.Africa will also bear the greatest brunt of climate change impactsdue to its high vulnerability arising from high levels of poverty, relianceon climate-sensitive sectors such as rain-fed agriculture, fisheries,forestry and tourism, lack of adequate infrastructure, and limitedcoping capacity.The third feature is the immediacy of the onslaught of climatechange impact on Africa. African countries are already experiencingthe devastating impact of extreme weather and climate variability.Droughts have become more frequent and severe, exerting anenormous toll on agricultural production, fresh water resources andwater supply. This has escalated the food crisis in African countries.Hydroelectricity supply in a number of African countries has beenconstrained, thereby undermining Africa’s industrialisation potential.Malaria outbreaks have expanded in spatial distribution, threateningto erode most of the gains made in the health sector.One clear message that comes out of these defining features is thatAfrican countries cannot afford to fall behind in addressing theseclimate challenges in general, and in particular, in instituting timelyadaptation measures. Such a failure would bear catastrophic consequenceson the hard won development gains, and will compromisechances of achieving sustainable development in the region. Therefore,it is time to act.This leads to the question of the choice of adaptation measures thatthe countries in the region choose to deploy.As a front line strategy to effective adaptation, it is important thatregional, national and local policymakers, leaders and investmentagencies pursue a climate resilient developmental path by ensuringthat climate change concerns are fully considered and mainstreamedinto all development strategies, programmes and investments. Ofnecessity, such a path should be defined and maintained throughthe development and deployment of effective policies and institutionalframeworks. It should also be paved by the provision of accurate,adequate and timely data and information to keep strategies ontrack and to sustainably lend momentum to adaptation efforts. But,Integrating Africa229
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Abdoulie JannehIntegrating AfricaEc
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forewordBy Jean Ping, Chairperson o
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global forums including climate cha
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IntroductionOn account of the weigh
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Strengtheningpeace andsecurity fort
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their GDP to research and developme
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Achieving theMillenniumDevelopment
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national agreed development goals,
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The suspension of the Doha Round of
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and statutory matters that we have
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We have also promoted the establish
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As Africa’s leading development f
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African States but also of interest
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into poverty reduction strategies.
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KeepingAfrica’s improvedeconomicp
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Another matter of immediate concern
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the leadership of the continent thr
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Workingcollectively toachieve Afric
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tematically develop the value chain
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UNICEF estimates that meeting the M
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Steps towardsachievingsustainablegr
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ternational financial system and ar
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across key service lines such as kn
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social development areas, with some
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While Africa has chalked some miles
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The economic and financial crisis i
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necessary technological and organis
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Productivecapacities,economicgrowth
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Other examples of ECA activities in
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stance, NEPAD highlights agricultur
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area is the role of the private sec
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NEPAD andAfrica’s regionalintegra
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opment results. In this regard, the
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IntroductionRegional integration, a
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He stresses that in order to collec
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As we know, Africa’s recent good
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The African Peer Review Mechanism (
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ally, existing non-tariff barriers
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Let me conclude by assuring you tha
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the recommendations made at the mee
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ing will therefore be deliberating
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The RegionalEconomicCommunities asE
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port communications and navigation
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Your deliberations at this Summit a
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eing seen as the most advanced REC
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the economies of ASEAN and ALENA ar
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the countries of the sub-region are
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Reaping thebenefits of theEconomicP
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from the interim EPAs was not encou
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On thecapacity needsof the Regional
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Today’s meeting is very important
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aims of this Free Trade Area as wel
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Using goodgovernance topromoteregio
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a good track record of governance a
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tary, the shared commitment of its
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Deepening regionalintegrationto sus
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Next, I would posit that more trans
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TransformingAfrica into adestinatio
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including through adoption of democ
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The United Nations system remains c
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ates. Macroeconomic imbalances in s
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Trade as thebedrock ofAfrica’s ec
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est. LDC governments need to not on
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Reviewingprogress inregionalintegra
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for integration arrangements. The h
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NEPAD’scontributions tothe MDGsPa
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negative impact of these crises and
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the two institutions, which is now
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IntroductionIf there is one subject
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Forging aseamlesspartnershipwith th
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serve this continent. ECA has a wel
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At the 2005 World Summit on the Inf
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creating a vicious cycle that enabl
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Partnershiparound theAfrican TradeP
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ECA hopes that this Partnership Rou
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The drying up of these important so
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ing for Development, which focused
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Deepeningstakeholderdialogue on the
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In the particular case of Africa, I
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Today, it is widely acknowledged th
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and promote the governance agenda i
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cial crisis and there were concerns
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We will have the opportunity to del
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the Economic Commission for Africa,
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financial crisis. Growth in Africa
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and transportation. Of course, give
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stakes in global economic processes
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Enhancingcapacities fordevelopmentr
Page 191 and 192: Activating the UNten-year capacityb
Page 193: PartFourON THE FINANCIAL CRISIS
Page 196 and 197: The statements in this cluster refl
Page 198 and 199: source flows to the region as well
Page 200 and 201: ican Union Commission and African D
Page 202 and 203: ImplementingMonterreyConsensus at a
Page 204 and 205: our society. This will require incr
Page 206 and 207: ment assistance and remittances. To
Page 208 and 209: Doha with a clear position on these
Page 210 and 211: esilience to deal with future econo
Page 212 and 213: Involvingprivate sectorin domesticr
Page 214 and 215: greater collaboration by all countr
Page 216 and 217: Permit me to address our overarchin
Page 218 and 219: in articulating responses to the fi
Page 220 and 221: ility in the face of severe economi
Page 222 and 223: All hands must similarly be on deck
Page 225 and 226: IntroductionAfrica has a large vari
Page 227 and 228: In yet another, he says to the part
Page 229 and 230: such as floods, droughts, hurricane
Page 231 and 232: It also shows that vulnerability is
Page 233 and 234: Addressing theimpact ofclimate chan
Page 235 and 236: In addition to these main threats,
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Page 239 and 240: the challenges of ensuring justice,
Page 241: Both ClimDev-Africa and ACPC have r
Page 245 and 246: enable African countries that are t
Page 247 and 248: Facing theclimate changeand securit
Page 249 and 250: y grazing animals. In Turkana, nort
Page 251 and 252: Taking action ongender equality,wom
Page 253 and 254: As this Forum demonstrates, ECA con
Page 255 and 256: heartening. This is evidence of the
Page 257 and 258: The countries represented here have
Page 259 and 260: • The Chinese Premier, Wen Jiabao
Page 261 and 262: Strengthening R&D is one of such ou
Page 263 and 264: ECA continues to support countries
Page 265 and 266: mation in Africa, we will provide s
Page 267 and 268: Powering Africawith ICT andentrepre
Page 269 and 270: Indeed, I see a potential link betw
Page 271 and 272: Many factors, such as the transform
Page 273 and 274: land. These systems are however und
Page 275 and 276: We must also bear in mind that the
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Page 279 and 280: These are just few practical sugges
Page 281 and 282: the lack of a model in other parts
Page 283 and 284: Involvingthe youthin Africa’sdeve
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Page 289 and 290: Using knowledgeand peer learningto
Page 291 and 292: There is perhaps another answer, no
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ECA, based on information distilled
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Good governancefor achieving theMDG
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This, in the context of our theme,
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• Fourthly, and most importantly
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We have made some worthwhile progre
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There are other questions, of cours
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making progress towards the targets
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The second category of challenges r
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civil unrest. The new UN Peacebuild
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There is abundant evidence that mos
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For our part, let me assure you of
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gress has been at the expense of th
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The role oflegislation and policyde
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No individual is to blame but colle
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tional Year of the Youth 2010-2011
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that will lead to tangible results,
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ments - to the extent possible - sh
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Similarly, across the globe, we con
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Exploringhydropower forsustainabled
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of hydropower resources are in the
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Green growthand sustainabledevelopm
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There are also legitimate concerns
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Let me end by reiterating ECA’s c
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