enhancing food security and physical activity for maori, pacific and ...

More documents

Recommendations

Info

Enhancing Food Security and Physical Activity for Māori, Pacific and Low-income Peoplessocial capital and social cohesion, as well as a reduction in car dependency and theassociated lowering of pollution levels.Cost benefit analysisNo cost benefit data are available.RecommendationsThe evidence base in New Zealand for examining the effects of access to open spaceand street connectivity on physical activity is extremely limited. Most of the research thathas been completed in this area was undertaken in the United States, and while thefindings are compelling, the urban form of US cities (such as residential segregation,inequality, density etc) is distinct from the New Zealand situation. Therefore, theevidence from the US is unlikely to be transferable to the New Zealand context. Furtherinvestigation to develop the New Zealand evidence base is recommended.New research should be targeted at exploring the influence of the built environment onphysical activity and related health outcomes, with a particular emphasis on the threetarget communities. While new cross-sectional studies will make useful additions to theevidence base, it will be difficult to determine causality, which will limit the strength ofevidence available in New Zealand. Perhaps the most fruitful line of research may comefrom collecting detailed longitudinal data that tracks individuals as they move betweendifferent settings (over the course of the day as well as over the lifecourse) inconjunction with sophisticated measures of the built environment. Current studies suchas the ‘Longitudinal Study of New Zealand Children and Families’ as well as ‘Survey ofFamily, Income and Employment, Statistics New Zealand’ offer some opportunities.In addition, researchers should take advantage of various ‘natural experiments’ withinthe built environment that take place (eg. the opening of or improvement to urbanparkland or adjustments to the road/cycle network). Undertaking natural experimentswill require the collection of robust and timely data to monitor interventions. Longitudinalstudies and natural experiments offer opportunities to better understand the influence ofthe built environment on physical activity of Māori, Pacific and low income communities.But both approaches will require targeted funding streams as well as multi-sectoralcollaborations.While it is imperative to develop the New Zealand evidence base linking the pertinentcomponents of the urban built environment and physical activity, it is also important toconsider in parallel the policy levers that can be used to enhance these environments.The development of a National Policy Statement (NPS) in New Zealand offersconsiderable potential to enhance many characteristics of the built environment thatpotentially influence physical activity. It is important that the ongoing process ofdeveloping a NPS in New Zealand, underpinned by the research that is progressing inthis area, explicitly incorporates an evaluation of the health implications of itsrecommendations.A significant strategic priority of a new NPS should be to specifically target theimprovement of physical activity in Māori, Pacific and low income communities acrossthe country. Given the paucity of research in this area, it will be important to evaluate theimplications of the implementation of NPS-related policies on practice.143
Enhancing Food Security and Physical Activity for Māori, Pacific and Low-income PeoplesFinally, while the Royal Commission on Auckland Governance recommends thatgovernance structures should promote recreation 72 , relevant stakeholders need to keepa watching brief to ensure that any local government reforms maintain a focus on wellbeingthat includes actions to enhance physical activity.In summary, recommendations are that:• New research should be targeted at exploring the influence of the builtenvironment on physical activity and related health outcomes, with a particularemphasis on the three target communities.• Ensure that the ongoing process of developing a National Policy Statement onUrban Design incorporates an evaluation of the health implications of itsrecommendations, and specifically targets the improvement of physical activity inMāori, Pacific and low income communities.• Keep a watching brief to ensure that any local government reforms maintain afocus on wellbeing that includes actions to enhance physical activity.References1. Davison KK, Lawson CT. Do attributes in the physical environment influencechildren's physical activity? A review of the literature. Int J Behav Nutr Phys Act2006;3:19.2. Humpel N, Owen N, Leslie E. Environmental factors associated with adults'participation in physical activity: a review. Am J Prev Med 2002;22(3):188-99.3. McCormack G, Giles-Corti B, Lange A, Smith T, Martin K, Pikora TJ. An update ofrecent evidence of the relationship between objective and self-report measures ofthe physical environment and physical activity behaviours. J Sci Med Sport2004;7(1 Suppl):81-92.4. Owen N, Humpel N, Leslie E, Bauman A, Sallis JF. Understanding environmentalinfluences on walking; Review and research agenda. Am J Prev Med2004;27(1):67-76.5. Duncan MJ, Spence JC, Mummery WK. Perceived environment and physical activity:a meta-analysis of selected environmental characteristics. Int J Behav Nutr PhysAct 2005;2:11.6. Addy CL, Wilson DK, Kirtland KA, Ainsworth BE, Sharpe P, Kimsey D. Associations ofperceived social and physical environmental supports with physical activity andwalking behavior. Am J Public Health 2004;94(3):440-3.7. Diez Roux AV, Evenson KR, McGinn AP, Brown DG, Moore L, Brines S, et al.Availability of recreational resources and physical activity in adults. Am J PublicHealth 2007;97(3):493-9.8. Cohen DA, McKenzie TL, Sehgal A, Williamson S, Golinelli D, Lurie N. Contribution ofpublic parks to physical activity. Am J Public Health 2007;97(3):509-14.9. Li F, Harmer PA, Cardinal BJ, Bosworth M, Acock A, Johnson-Shelton D, et al. Builtenvironment, adiposity, and physical activity in adults aged 50-75. Am J PrevMed 2008;35(1):38-46.10. Li F, Fisher KJ, Brownson RC, Bosworth M. Multilevel modelling of built environmentcharacteristics related to neighbourhood walking activity in older adults. JEpidemiol Community Health 2005;59(7):558-64.144
Page 1 and 2:
ENHANCING FOOD SECURITYAND PHYSICAL
Page 3:
Enhancing Food Security and Physica
Page 8 and 9:
Page 10 and 11:
Page 12 and 13:
Page 14 and 15:
Page 16 and 17:
Page 18 and 19:
Page 20 and 21:
Page 22 and 23:
Page 24 and 25:
Page 26 and 27:
Page 28 and 29:
Page 30 and 31:
Page 32 and 33:
Page 34 and 35:
Page 36 and 37:
Page 38 and 39:
Page 40 and 41:
Page 42 and 43:
Page 44 and 45:
Page 46 and 47:
Page 48 and 49:
Page 50 and 51:
Page 52 and 53:
Page 54 and 55:
Page 56 and 57:
Page 58 and 59:
Page 60 and 61:
Page 62 and 63:
Page 64 and 65:
Page 66 and 67:
Page 68 and 69:
Page 70 and 71:
Page 72 and 73:
Page 74 and 75:
Page 76 and 77:
Page 78 and 79:
Page 80 and 81:
Page 82 and 83:
Page 84 and 85:
Page 86 and 87:
Page 88 and 89:
Page 90 and 91:
Page 92 and 93:
Page 94 and 95:
Page 96 and 97: Enhancing Food Security and Physica
Page 196 and 197:
Page 198 and 199:
Page 200 and 201:
Page 202 and 203:
Page 204 and 205:
Page 206 and 207:
Page 208 and 209:
Page 210 and 211:
Page 212 and 213:
Page 214 and 215:
Page 216 and 217:
Page 218 and 219:
Page 220 and 221:
Page 222 and 223:
Page 224 and 225:
Page 226 and 227:
show all

enhancing food security and physical activity for maori, pacific and ...

You also want an ePaper? Increase the reach of your titles

Delete template?

Save as template?