enhancing food security and physical activity for maori, pacific and ...

More documents

Recommendations

Info

Enhancing Food Security and Physical Activity for Māori, Pacific and Low-income Peoplesdemonstration sites for sustainable and environmentally-friendly gardening practices.Local councils also need to work in partnership with the community to support andencourage community gardens.From experiences in Scotland, people involved with community gardens identified that tobe successful the gardens must be meaningful, functional, accessible, and attractive,and need to create a feeling of ownership. 17 The community, project partners, andfunders need to be involved throughout the project from inception to ongoingmanagement.Potential side effectsCommunity gardens can have positive side effects such as empowerment, communitydevelopment, and improved health and wellbeing. If the resources and opportunities forskill development are provided, and participants’ have significant and meaningful controlover resources and decision-making, participants can gain a real increase in socialpower and self-determination. 7Positive social and health outcomes were demonstrated by youth involved in communitygardening projects in the US. Those involved in community gardens were more willingto eat nutritious food and try different foods, had a stronger appreciation for otherindividuals and cultures, and were more likely to cook and garden than youth notinvolved in the programme. 18Cost-benefit analysisA US Department of Agriculture programme which funded 23 community gardens foundthat for every $1 of funding, $6 of food was produced through the garden. 7Results: Community and farmers’ marketsUse locally and internationallyFarmers’ markets are re-emerging in New Zealand and around the world, having19 20previously been displaced by supermarkets in many countries. There are nowaround 40 official farmers’ markets operating in New Zealand, and many more ‘unofficial’markets (which are not part of Farmer’s Market NZ Association) or community markets.Farmers’ markets are places where local growers sell their produce direct to consumers.These differ to community markets, where fresh produce may be sold which is notnecessarily locally grown or sold by the producer. Farmers’ markets often operate as apremium or boutique supplier of produce, while community markets are often more costfocused.To address food security, markets (either farmers or community markets) inlow-income communities must be cost-focused. In the literature, the focus is on farmers’markets. The resurgence of interest in farmers’ markets is led by increasing desire forlocal, sustainable food sources and the ‘slow food’ movement. They are oftenpositioned as an alternative to the dominant food system.Internationally, farmers’ markets are on the increase. Britain now has more than 400, 20and in the US there are over 4,600 farmers’ markets. 21 In British Columbia, Canadathere are more than 100 farmers’ markets ranging from large, sheltered public marketsto a few farmers’ trucks parked up in a specific location. 687
Enhancing Food Security and Physical Activity for Māori, Pacific and Low-income PeoplesFeasibility and sustainabilityThe growth of farmers’ markets in New Zealand has to some extent been driven byproducers seeking a sustainable means of selling their produce, as for many stallholderswholesale prices had been pushed below the cost of production. 20 Farmers’ marketsalso cater to consumers who desire a more sustainable food system with lessenvironmental impact than the dominant food system.Effect on equityThe impact on equity depends on appropriate targeting towards affordable, qualityproduce rather than targeting the boutique/premium end of the market. Despite farmers’markets often having a boutique focus, 70 percent of stallholders at farmers’ markets inNew Zealand felt that their lower prices attracted customers. 20 A positive impact onequity also requires selecting sites and hours of operation appropriate to the targetaudience. 22 Placing a premium farmers’ market in a low-income area will not have apositive effect on access to food; however, placing a price-conscious community marketin the area will positively influence equity. An example of a successful market with apositive impact on equity is a farmers’ market which runs in Whangarei. 20 It attracts awide mix of customers from different ethnic and socio-economic groups. In 2003, theyestimated 4,700 shoppers visited each week. On average, prices of produce were50-75 percent of those in supermarkets; however, three-quarters of stallholders reportedearning higher margins than if they supplied supermarkets.As can be seen in some farmers’ markets in New Zealand, produce at local markets inthe US is often sold at a price premium, 21 as it appeals to those who can afford to makevalue-based choices about where they source their food. 23 Markowitz reports on aproject in Kentucky which aims to overcome this by linking low-income neighbourhoodswith small farmers. 21 They created two new farmers’ markets in low-incomeneighbourhoods, developed a distribution centre to link producers and buyers(restaurants and specialty markets), youth volunteered to sell the produce at the farmers’markets, and they have plans to create mobile markets and a home food deliveryservice. A farmers’ market in a different region of the US was purposely positioned in anethnically-diverse, working-class neighbourhood and operates a state-subsidised ‘farmto-family’programme. 24 Farm-to-family coupons are provided to low-income householdsfor use at the market. Thus, with proper planning, markets can have a positive effect onequity.Acceptability to stakeholdersThe rapid growth in farmers’ markets indicates that they are acceptable to bothconsumers and producers. Ninety-eight percent of people shopping at a rural growers’market in Western Australia reported shopping there because they liked having accessto locally grown fresh produce, and 88 percent reported being able to buy produce thatwas cheaper. 25 Stallholders and producers have a viable means of selling theirproduce, 20 and local communities and councils are often keen to support farmers’markets as a means of stimulating the local economy. 20Markets are also an acceptable means to purchase food for Māori, Tongan and Samoanpeople, who discussed markets in the ENHANCE focus groups as a way to purchasemore affordable fruit and vegetables.88
Page 1 and 2:
ENHANCING FOOD SECURITYAND PHYSICAL
Page 3:
Enhancing Food Security and Physica
Page 8 and 9:
Page 10 and 11:
Page 12 and 13:
Page 14 and 15:
Page 16 and 17:
Page 18 and 19:
Page 20 and 21:
Page 22 and 23:
Page 24 and 25:
Page 26 and 27:
Page 28 and 29:
Page 30 and 31:
Page 32 and 33:
Page 34 and 35:
Page 36 and 37:
Page 38 and 39:
Page 40 and 41: Enhancing Food Security and Physica
Page 140 and 141:
Page 142 and 143:
Page 144 and 145:
Page 146 and 147:
Page 148 and 149:
Page 150 and 151:
Page 152 and 153:
Page 154 and 155:
Page 156 and 157:
Page 158 and 159:
Page 160 and 161:
Page 162 and 163:
Page 164 and 165:
Page 166 and 167:
Page 168 and 169:
Page 170 and 171:
Page 172 and 173:
Page 174 and 175:
Page 176 and 177:
Page 178 and 179:
Page 180 and 181:
Page 182 and 183:
Page 184 and 185:
Page 186 and 187:
Page 188 and 189:
Page 190 and 191:
Page 192 and 193:
Page 194 and 195:
Page 196 and 197:
Page 198 and 199:
Page 200 and 201:
Page 202 and 203:
Page 204 and 205:
Page 206 and 207:
Page 208 and 209:
Page 210 and 211:
Page 212 and 213:
Page 214 and 215:
Page 216 and 217:
Page 218 and 219:
Page 220 and 221:
Page 222 and 223:
Page 224 and 225:
Page 226 and 227:
show all

enhancing food security and physical activity for maori, pacific and ...

Create successful ePaper yourself

Delete template?

Save as template?