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Enhancing Food Security and Physical Activity for Māori, Pacific and Low-income PeoplesWairau/Taharoto Corridor Road Widening Project Mini HIAThe objectives of the ‘mini’ HIA on the Wairau/Taharoto Corridor Road Widening Projectincluded promoting and maintaining a safe and active environment for corridor users andnearby populations. Evidence of health impact covers physical activity, benefits ofphysical and activity friendly environments, community severance/social cohesiveness,and access and mobility. Recommendations include specific design considerations topromote cycling and pedestrian safety. Children and older people were considered inthe recommendations but there was no specific mention of Māori, Pacific, or low-incomepeople 9.The Mangere Growth Centre Plan HIAThe objectives of the Mangere Growth Centre Plan HIA included ‘assist the strategic andstaged development of an increasingly active dynamic and exciting Mangerecommunity’. 10 . Māori make up 19.9 percent of the population of Mangere, and Pacific70 percent, and the median personal income in the area is $13,600. Within the growthplan, the HIA focused on the Pershore precinct because it was likely to be the first to beimplemented. Housing New Zealand was the dominant landowner, and the link to thetown centre (and other key locations) from the precinct (via transport) was considered animportant social-geographical component of the precinct to assess. Determinants ofhealth included physical activity and social connectedness/isolation. Lack of connectivityof the street network was identified as an issue for Mangere in general (an issuediscussed in Chapter 5.1 of this report). One of the main purposes of the PershorePrecinct Plan was to improve connectivity through pedestrian and cycle access betweenthe Pershore precinct and the Mangere town centre. The development was seen tohave potential to increase physical activity for all people, including people fromvulnerable groups. A large number of stakeholder specific recommendations weremade, including those to address connectivity. 10The Greater Wellington Regional Land Transport Strategy HIAIn the Greater Wellington Regional Land Transport Strategy (RLTS) HIA determinants ofhealth that were assessed included physical activity and accessibility to services and thecommunity. Population groups of interest to stakeholders included: those with accessissues, low socio-economic groups, those affected by geographical location, and Māori.The HIA found that the draft RLTS objectives had the potential to positively impact onpublic health; but that overall the draft RLTS is unlikely to protect and promote publichealth for the region’s population; and that the draft RLTS was likely to increaseinequalities in health, particularly between socioeconomic groups. It was concluded that‘increasing modal share for public transport use and walking and cycling, and reducingprivate motor vehicle modal share are the best ways for transport to promote health, andthe draft RLTS is not predicted to achieve these changes. If the RLTS is to meet itsobjective of protecting and promoting public health it must shift its focus to increasingpublic transport and TDM (travel demand management such as travel plans and buspriority measures) use’. 11Wellbeing Assessment of the Draft Far North District Council Kerikeri-WaipapaStructure Plan.The Wellbeing Assessment of the Draft Far North District Council Kerikeri-WaipapaStructure Plan was a mini Wellbeing Impact Assessment focused on housing densityand its effects on the wellbeing of young people and families, particularly whānau. TheStructure Plan was seen to have potential influence on social cohesion and subjectivewellbeing, access and opportunities for young people, road safety and physical activity197
Enhancing Food Security and Physical Activity for Māori, Pacific and Low-income Peoplesvia active transport, and inequalities. Recommendations were made around addressingthe influences. 12Christchurch Urban Development Strategy (UDS) HIAThe Christchurch UDS is a community-based project with the purpose of preparing ‘astrategic plan to manage the impact of population growth and change within the greaterChristchurch area’. Areas of Christchurch have significant deprivation, with aconcentration of Māori, Pacific and low-income populations. Transport and socialconnectedness were two of six determinants being focused on. Engagement with Māoriwas considered to be an essential component of the HIA. Transport-relatedrecommendations included to ‘actively promote active transport’. There were also anumber of recommendations under the social connectedness determinant with potentialto influence open space and connectivity in favour of Māori, Pacific and low-incomepeople. 13An impact evaluation of the Christchurch UDS HIA concluded that the HIA was ‘broadlysuccessful’ and that it had a significant impact on the final UDS, with 24 out of the 32recommendations being included. These included five of seven transport- relatedrecommendations and the recommendation that Māori values are incorporated intourban design. One significant omission was the set of recommendations aroundintersectoral working groups. The HIA evaluators conclude that ‘these omissions in theUDS could lead to negative health impacts over time’. 14DiscussionThis chapter has briefly defined HIA and identified its value in enhancing physical activitythrough assessment of proposed policies, strategies, plans and projects on transportand urban planning and growth. Unfortunately, there have been no HIAs undertaken inNew Zealand to date that impact directly on food security.FeasibilityThe HIAs identified here demonstrate the potential of HIA to enhance physical activitythrough assessment of the health and wellbeing impacts of proposed policies andprojects in areas of transport and urban planning and growth. Of the six HIAs highlightedhere, all made recommendations to enhance physical activity for some, or, all of thepriority groups the ENHANCE research is concerned for (ie, Māori, Pacific and lowincomepeoples). In the case where impact evaluation has been undertaken, theChristchurch UDS HIA, a significant number of the recommendations were accepted bythe decision-making body. With the growth in HIAs, and the subsequent growth in HIAexpertise in New Zealand, and with on-going support from the HIASU, the feasibility ofundertaking HIAs to enhance physical activity for Māori, Pacific and low-incomecommunities appears to be strong. The feasibility for using HIA to enhance food securityremains untested, but trials appear likely to be successful, given the experience in thephysical activity arena.SustainabilityThere is international and local evidence to support the positive impact of HIAinformation on improving the health, wellbeing and equity outcomes of policy, strategies,plans and projects in a wide range of areas, including physical activity. As mentionedabove, an impact evaluation of the Christchurch UDS HIA concluded that it had a198
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