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Enhancing Food Security and Physical Activity for Māori, Pacific and Low-income Peoplesand cost of healthy nutritious foods have been addressed. Likewise, when evaluatingthe impact of interventions to reduce the cost of healthy nutritious foods, fulleffectiveness may not be seen until accessibility of healthy nutritious foods and cookingskills programmes have been implemented.Figure 8-1 – Food security system map with selected interventionsENHANCING Physical ActivityTo enhance the social system for physical activity, two control parameters wereidentified from phase two of the research. Four interventions that impact on the twocontrol parameters were selected from the workshops in phase three, one for improvingurban design and three for the provision of culturally-specific physical activityprogrammes. The control parameters and interventions are shown in Table 8-2 below.Table 8-2 Physical activity control parameters and selected interventionsControl ParameterInterventionImproving Urban Design Enhancing open space and connectivityCulturally-specific physical Developing capacity to deliver programmesactivity programmesEvaluation and research on the impact ofprogrammesUsing tikanga to encourage physical activity in MāoriGiven that the level of available research evidence to support interventions in theselected areas was relatively weak, research and evaluation activities featureprominently across the recommendations. Inclusion of research and evaluation withinphysical activity programmes requires political leadership, research and evaluationexpertise, and adequate funding. While the evidence for effectiveness of improvingurban design and connectivity is not strong in New Zealand, it is argued that New207
Enhancing Food Security and Physical Activity for Māori, Pacific and Low-income PeoplesZealand research is needed, with a particular emphasis on the three target communities.From an intervention logic perspective, the selected interventions are likely to have apositive impact on physical activity for Māori, Pacific and low-income communities.The intervention logic of the selected physical activity interventions areas can be seen inFigure 8-2, which maps the selected interventions against a description of the physicalactivity system. The physical activity system description included in Figure 8-2 is basedon the focus group information from phase one of the research, altered to integrateinformation from the literature review and the final control parameters chosen as thefocus for phase three and four of this study. It reflects the final control parameterschosen for analysis (in bold), the identified interventions (in pale blue) and the type ofenvironment being impacted on according to the ANGELO framework. 3 Some systemelements impact on more than one environment. Those with influences on multipleenvironments are illustrated with two coloured boxes (eg,. in this figure overlap betweensocio-cultural and political environments is often identified).As illustrated in Figure 8-2, no interventions impact on both physical activity controlparameters. Promoting physical activity through urban design and providing culturallyspecificphysical activity programmes occupy disparate areas of the physical activitysystem. This suggests minimum cross-over in the organisations involved to implementinterventions, and few issues of prioritisation between the interventions.Figure 8-2 Physical activity system map with selected interventionsUnsafeneighbourhoodModern technologyHealth problemsAdvice fromdoctorsLack of timeMotivation andattitudesLack of knowledgeabout PA andnutritionHealth educationFood and portionsizeANGELO KeyGreen = economic environmentYellow = physical environmentRed = Socio-cultural environmentDark blue = political environmentBold border = control parameterLight blue box = interventionLack of moneyRole modelsCapacitydevelopment todeliver culturallyspecific PAprogrammesPhysical activitydecisionsMarae basedactivitiesCost of transportNational PolicyStatement onUrban Designincludesconsideration ofphysical activityCost of facilities/programmesUrban designfacilities,accessibility andinfrastructureIncorporatetikanga into PAprogrammesResearch andevaluation ofurban design(open space andconnectivity) onphysical activityCulturally specificphysical activityprogrammesResearch andevaluation of theimpact ofculturally specificPA programmesChurch basedactivitiesFamily focussedactivitiesCulturally specificactivities andsupportsResearch and evaluation activities are included across all four interventions. There is alikely sequence of action within each intervention area where significant policy208
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