Trends in Distance Education and Open Learning: Policy ... - ADEA

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3. Context AwarenessThe concept of access to information anywhere, anytime and to anyone is commonlyreferred as pervasive or ubiquitous computing.Just as resources and computational nodes are pervasive, mobility introduces contextawareness of the learners; this dimension has generated ample research in terms ofcontext awareness applications and computing paradigms.A learner can learn independently of the location with m-learning, similarly he/she mayalso drive the maximum benefits of the context in terms of space, time and topics.Topics such as archeology and geography have been proven to very effective with PDAsand smartphones.Context has been defined by a number of researchers. Mark Weiser’s now legendaryarticle defined ubiquitous computing for the first time. Context is a general term and canbe categorized into three categories in the realms of mobile computing — computingcontext, user context, and physical context.1. Computing context (what resources you have) — such as network connectivity,communication costs, and communication bandwidth and nearby resources such asprinters, displays, and workstations2. User context (whom you are with) — such as the user’s profile, location, peoplenearby, even the current social situation3. Physical context (where you are) — such as lighting, noise levels, traffic conditions,and temperatureIn order to capture fully a context given a complete sensor network infrastructure isneeded. Furthermore, a learner may sometimes change context during a learning activity;how far the learning activity is seamless in situations of context change remains acommunication and computing challenge.18
4. M-learning FrameworksFraming m-learning has been widely discussed by many researchers in attempt toformalize the methodology for implementation.Figure I.2, The FRAME model (Ally,2009)The three circles represent the device (D), learner (L), and social (S) aspects. Theintersections where two circles overlap contain attributes that belong to both aspects. Theattributes of the device usability (DL) and social technology (DS) intersections describe theaffordances of mobile technology (Norman 1999). The intersection labeled interactionlearning (LS) contains instructional and learning theories with an emphasis on socialconstructivism. All three aspects overlap at the primary intersection (DLS) in the centre ofthe Venn diagram. Hypothetically, the primary intersection, a convergence of all threeaspects, defines an ideal mobile learning situation.19
Page 1 and 2: Associationfor theDevelopmentofEduc
Page 3 and 4: education free and elementary educa
Page 5 and 6: Paper 01-0102Use of Mobile Learning
Page 7 and 8: Table of ContentAcknowledgmentsIntr
Page 9 and 10: Executive SummaryThe study presente
Page 11 and 12: (iii)Use of mobile applications and
Page 13 and 14: IntroductionMobile Learning often r
Page 15 and 16: how these technologies are linked t
Page 17: The learner’s mobile device can b
Page 21 and 22: Figure I.4 Framework of the mobile
Page 23 and 24: Means-ends Objective Network (Gray
Page 25 and 26: 5. Interoperability with VLESAs it
Page 27 and 28: 7. Formal and informal training set
Page 29 and 30: 9. Teachers trainingCan mobile lear
Page 31 and 32: 11. Social AspectThe paradox of the
Page 33 and 34: the PDA to source further informati
Page 35 and 36: 14. Enterprise Mobile LearningEnter
Page 37 and 38: Part II: Current and Emerging Appli
Page 39 and 40: As per figure II.2, 2 billion peopl
Page 41 and 42: Figure II.4Figure II.5 Sub Saharan
Page 43 and 44: 5. Wireless TechnologiesThe telecom
Page 45 and 46: 7. CSIRO breakthroughBroadband comi
Page 47 and 48: 8. Satellite CommunicationsLow cost
Page 49 and 50: 9. The Market, Products & Services
Page 51 and 52: 10. Challenges & ConstraintsCommon
Page 53 and 54: 11. Broadening Access to rural area
Page 55 and 56: wishes to conduct mobile testing or
Page 57 and 58: 14. In memory analyticsIn memory an
Page 59 and 60: 15. Augmented Reality & LearningAug
Page 61 and 62: 2. AsiaA research project was set u
Page 63 and 64: 3. M-learning projects in AfricaM-U
Page 65 and 66: Nearly 30% of All Africans Subscrib
Page 67 and 68: from the AMREF office. Other initia
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Source: Technology & Learning - Sch
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7. The KLIV projectThe KLIV Project
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Figure III.2 , Scenario of interact
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10. Use of m-learning in Universiti
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The use of Podcasts by Universities
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user-agent (most widely used)x-oper
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was envisaged that the project woul
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Research Gaps & DirectionsIf we are
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Test Design Approaches: To figure w
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RecommendationsThe list of recommen
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A Framework for Mobile Learning and
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- Stakeholders (sub levels: learner
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- Academic support (sub levels: sup
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The first objective set for Part II
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Turkish Online Journal of Distance
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INSEAD, NOKIA, and ICUS formed an A
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the iPad).CalendarThe Calendar app
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Connections to "visualize a new kin
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TUSK is a "dynamic multimedia knowl
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References4G: The Future Mobile Tec
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For the state of the art report Con
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Attewell, J. (2005). From research
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