Trends in Distance Education and Open Learning: Policy ... - ADEA

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12. Cloud computingThe traditional approach to IT is not working. The current model of building application andserver silos does not meet the dynamic needs of an organization in a competitive marketplace. Today IT is expensive, unresponsive and consumes vast amounts of capital,delivering resources which in the end are grossly underutilized. Most servers are utilizedonly 20% or less. This approach of throwing expensive assets at every business need, isinflexible, time consuming and costly. This would be analogous to deploying a smallgenerator to supply each of your offices with electricity. In the future, IT must offer acompetitive service model delivering infrastructure and computer resources in plug-playand bill-me-for-use service. This is where cloud is taking us.Cloud computing is an IT delivery model that provides infrastructure and computerresources as a service. By implementing a private cloud, IT leverages the power of sharingto maximize the utilization of compute, networking and storage resources within anorganization. The result is more rapid and efficient delivery of IT services, faster time tomarket, and reduced IT capital and operating expenditures. Moreover, the cloud isaccessible anywhere at anytime with a hand held device.There are currently 3 types of services provided by private clouds.Platform as a Service (PaaS): The development environment or platform is hereremotely accessed for the development of applications and services.Software as a Service (SaaS): the software application is remotely accessed.Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS): the hosting and server infrastructure resides inthe cloudServer virtualization is a key building block to cloud computing that enables applicationisolation, mobility, and partitioning of individual servers in the cloud. Applications areplaced into virtual machines (VM’s) which simplify the provisioning and configuration ofapplication environments in the cloud, allowing for easier reconfiguration of resources tomeet business demand.The advent of public and private clouds will lower substantially the cost of ownership andROI for the educational institutions in terms of server infrastructure, maintenance, securityand so on. Nevertheless the two main concerns are data security and adequate bandwidth.Security and privacy are important features in mLearning if an institution intends to movetowards formalization in terms of curriculum, assessment and ethics. All institutions wanttheir curriculum to be protected from plagiarism and discourage cheating in assessment.Cheating with mobile phones is very common during examination sessions. If an institution54
wishes to conduct mobile testing or online assessment via mobile devices authentication ofthe candidate via public key infrastructure is helpful.With the recent waves of cables from WikiLeaks, the debate on cloud security hasresurfaced. The same concern is expressed with Web 2.0 websites which are generallyhack able. New brands of mobile phones give ready direct connection to these socialnetworks. More about Web 2.0 is discussed in the coming section.Moreover, viruses or malwares on mobile devices are today conceivable andacknowledged by the carriers and telco industry. Over billing and denial of service (DoS)are most vulnerable threats on mobile phones.55
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Associationfor theDevelopmentofEduc
Page 3 and 4: education free and elementary educa
Page 5 and 6: Paper 01-0102Use of Mobile Learning
Page 7 and 8: Table of ContentAcknowledgmentsIntr
Page 9 and 10: Executive SummaryThe study presente
Page 11 and 12: (iii)Use of mobile applications and
Page 13 and 14: IntroductionMobile Learning often r
Page 15 and 16: how these technologies are linked t
Page 17 and 18: The learner’s mobile device can b
Page 19 and 20: 4. M-learning FrameworksFraming m-l
Page 21 and 22: Figure I.4 Framework of the mobile
Page 23 and 24: Means-ends Objective Network (Gray
Page 25 and 26: 5. Interoperability with VLESAs it
Page 27 and 28: 7. Formal and informal training set
Page 29 and 30: 9. Teachers trainingCan mobile lear
Page 31 and 32: 11. Social AspectThe paradox of the
Page 33 and 34: the PDA to source further informati
Page 35 and 36: 14. Enterprise Mobile LearningEnter
Page 37 and 38: Part II: Current and Emerging Appli
Page 39 and 40: As per figure II.2, 2 billion peopl
Page 41 and 42: Figure II.4Figure II.5 Sub Saharan
Page 43 and 44: 5. Wireless TechnologiesThe telecom
Page 45 and 46: 7. CSIRO breakthroughBroadband comi
Page 47 and 48: 8. Satellite CommunicationsLow cost
Page 49 and 50: 9. The Market, Products & Services
Page 51 and 52: 10. Challenges & ConstraintsCommon
Page 53: 11. Broadening Access to rural area
Page 57 and 58: 14. In memory analyticsIn memory an
Page 59 and 60: 15. Augmented Reality & LearningAug
Page 61 and 62: 2. AsiaA research project was set u
Page 63 and 64: 3. M-learning projects in AfricaM-U
Page 65 and 66: Nearly 30% of All Africans Subscrib
Page 67 and 68: from the AMREF office. Other initia
Page 69 and 70: Source: Technology & Learning - Sch
Page 71 and 72: 7. The KLIV projectThe KLIV Project
Page 73 and 74: Figure III.2 , Scenario of interact
Page 75 and 76: 10. Use of m-learning in Universiti
Page 77 and 78: The use of Podcasts by Universities
Page 79 and 80: user-agent (most widely used)x-oper
Page 81 and 82: was envisaged that the project woul
Page 83 and 84: Research Gaps & DirectionsIf we are
Page 85 and 86: Test Design Approaches: To figure w
Page 87 and 88: RecommendationsThe list of recommen
Page 89: A Framework for Mobile Learning and
Page 92 and 93: - Stakeholders (sub levels: learner
Page 94 and 95: - Academic support (sub levels: sup
Page 96 and 97: The first objective set for Part II
Page 98 and 99: Turkish Online Journal of Distance
Page 100 and 101: INSEAD, NOKIA, and ICUS formed an A
Page 102 and 103: the iPad).CalendarThe Calendar app
Page 104 and 105:
Connections to "visualize a new kin
Page 106 and 107:
TUSK is a "dynamic multimedia knowl
Page 108 and 109:
References4G: The Future Mobile Tec
Page 110 and 111:
For the state of the art report Con
Page 112 and 113:
Attewell, J. (2005). From research
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