Trends in Distance Education and Open Learning: Policy ... - ADEA

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• Change management, staff development, evaluation, quality assurance andaccreditation.• Learner assessment and learner support.• Cultural factors in learning.• International collaboration.• Lifelong learning and non-formal adult and community education.As technology changes pedagogy also need to change or to adapt, research on pedagogyand educational scenarios to enhance the learner’s experience requires furtherexploration. On the other hand any advancement in mobile technology or electrical energywill be beneficial in overcoming technological barriers and constraints to mLearning.Example of a research questions:How to couple mobile terminals with radio transmitters?Can mobile technologies lead to improved students performance in foundation courses?How to make mLearning suitable for practical disciplines?What is the roadmap towards the development of standards for mobile learning?Can mobile learning answer to cross border accreditation and recognition?How far mLearning can be efficient to disabled learners?Best PracticesSince learning through mobile devices is still limited both technically (speed of data access,memory capabilities and media support) and economically (cost of devices, cost of wirelessdata access), while developing standards and best practices we must give consideration toaddressing these barriers.Here are a few best practices to consider:Minimize Data Entry: Avoid making learners use their phone keyboards too much as thesecan interrupt learning, and become tedious and time consuming. At most, keep answers tooptional choices or short fill-in-the-blanks to check understanding.Use Text Support: Structure learning material to be used for general reference, likedefinitions and how-to guides. This may not allow for complete learning material, but canprovide learning support through notes, which can be easily read and accessed quickly.Avoid Costs to Learner: If the student is incurring costs to learn via their mobile devices,that’s a big problem. So while implementing mobile learning keep in mind downloadingcosts if any, as well as data access costs.84
Test Design Approaches: To figure what content works best you need to try differentoptions. Do you provide a text summary and then ask questions? Do you detail a processand then provide visual support? Do you link to online videos? Try multiple options and seewhat works best for your students.Provide Offline Options: Downloading information and content is not yet commonplaceand can still be a hindrance to many. Content does not necessarily have to be delivered viawireless connection or the internet. You could also offer PC access though memory cardswhich can then be “sideloaded” to a mobile device.General Best PracticesGather Requirements: “If You Fail toPlan, Then You’re Planning to Fail”Define goals and requirements for your projectPrototype, prototype, prototype (start small, think big)Make distinction between “learning” and “performancesupport”Identify target device(s) and potential OS version(s)Native App or Web App? Or Both?Who will provide support? Help Desk?General Best PracticesDesign with Usability and Accessibility inMindDetermine smallest screen area to support (4x6 cards)When repurposing content, provide a comparable learningexperience:Replicate assessment interactions whenever possible (true/false; drag/drop)Use bullets to make contextual information more conciseIncrease use of color, bold, and font types to boost effectiveness/preventloss of emphasisReduce or replace audio and video with static graphics and transcriptsFollow W3C guidelines for creating Accessible content:With BlackBerry there is significant differences between browsersExplicitly setting the width and height of an image in the HTML canresolve issues with text wrapping around images85
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Associationfor theDevelopmentofEduc
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education free and elementary educa
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Paper 01-0102Use of Mobile Learning
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Table of ContentAcknowledgmentsIntr
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Executive SummaryThe study presente
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(iii)Use of mobile applications and
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IntroductionMobile Learning often r
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how these technologies are linked t
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The learner’s mobile device can b
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4. M-learning FrameworksFraming m-l
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Figure I.4 Framework of the mobile
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Means-ends Objective Network (Gray
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5. Interoperability with VLESAs it
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7. Formal and informal training set
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9. Teachers trainingCan mobile lear
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11. Social AspectThe paradox of the
Page 33 and 34: the PDA to source further informati
Page 35 and 36: 14. Enterprise Mobile LearningEnter
Page 37 and 38: Part II: Current and Emerging Appli
Page 39 and 40: As per figure II.2, 2 billion peopl
Page 41 and 42: Figure II.4Figure II.5 Sub Saharan
Page 43 and 44: 5. Wireless TechnologiesThe telecom
Page 45 and 46: 7. CSIRO breakthroughBroadband comi
Page 47 and 48: 8. Satellite CommunicationsLow cost
Page 49 and 50: 9. The Market, Products & Services
Page 51 and 52: 10. Challenges & ConstraintsCommon
Page 53 and 54: 11. Broadening Access to rural area
Page 55 and 56: wishes to conduct mobile testing or
Page 57 and 58: 14. In memory analyticsIn memory an
Page 59 and 60: 15. Augmented Reality & LearningAug
Page 61 and 62: 2. AsiaA research project was set u
Page 63 and 64: 3. M-learning projects in AfricaM-U
Page 65 and 66: Nearly 30% of All Africans Subscrib
Page 67 and 68: from the AMREF office. Other initia
Page 69 and 70: Source: Technology & Learning - Sch
Page 71 and 72: 7. The KLIV projectThe KLIV Project
Page 73 and 74: Figure III.2 , Scenario of interact
Page 75 and 76: 10. Use of m-learning in Universiti
Page 77 and 78: The use of Podcasts by Universities
Page 79 and 80: user-agent (most widely used)x-oper
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Page 83: Research Gaps & DirectionsIf we are
Page 87 and 88: RecommendationsThe list of recommen
Page 89: A Framework for Mobile Learning and
Page 92 and 93: - Stakeholders (sub levels: learner
Page 94 and 95: - Academic support (sub levels: sup
Page 96 and 97: The first objective set for Part II
Page 98 and 99: Turkish Online Journal of Distance
Page 100 and 101: INSEAD, NOKIA, and ICUS formed an A
Page 102 and 103: the iPad).CalendarThe Calendar app
Page 104 and 105: Connections to "visualize a new kin
Page 106 and 107: TUSK is a "dynamic multimedia knowl
Page 108 and 109: References4G: The Future Mobile Tec
Page 110 and 111: For the state of the art report Con
Page 112 and 113: Attewell, J. (2005). From research
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