Pardee-CFLP-Remittances-TF-Report

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should include multi-sided collaboration with local remittance agents, customers,and diaspora representatives.• Flexible and locally adaptable solutions should be sought when regulatingtransnational remittance flows. Regulations like the Dodd-Frank Act amendmentsto the Electronic Funds Transfer Act that was intended to offer protectionto U.S. residents sending funds to foreign countries may be difficult toapply in post-conflict contexts where the financial regulatory structure is weakand legislative and institutional infrastructure unstable. It is suggested that theConsumer Financial Protection Bureau (CFPB) use its authority to adjust therequirements of certain disclosures about remittance transfers that may renderthese transfers problematic in post-conflict contexts.• More research and analysis is needed regarding international legislativeframeworks that impede migration and remittance flows. Harmonization ofthe regulatory environment would enhance collaboration within a wide rangeof stakeholders, including local, national, and transnational actors.4. Building Local Resilience—Remittances and Human Security• The increasing connectedness of diverse aspects of human vulnerabilitythat may disrupt peace and development needs more attention. The humansecurity approach highlights the role of remittances in building local resiliencethrough reliance on a broad range of local institutions with a focus on individualand community empowerment and participation.• As part of the broader framework of financial inclusion, remittances in postconflictcountries should not be approached as a separate issue from thosesuch as environment, health, education, and gender. Both social and economicempowerment goals should be considered in leveraging remittances for postconflictdevelopment.• The assessment of the impact of remittances to community resilience needs toview human conflict in combination with various environmental factors. Localadaptation to environmental hazards and climate change cannot be separatedfrom adaptation to disruptive socio-economic and political circumstances,including violent conflict. More research is needed into remittances as anadaptive mechanism to multiple, simultaneously occurring environmental andsocial crises.Remittance Flows to Post-Conflict States: Perspectives on Human Security and Development 137
• In the present era of heightened local and transnational mobility and recurrentcycles of conflict, attention must be given to broader institutional frameworksfor the management of diverse shocks and disruptions. Such frameworksshould include new spaces of collaboration between diverse state and nonstateactors.138 A Pardee Center Task Force Report | October 2013
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Pardee Center TASK FORCE Report oct
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This series of papers, Pardee Cente
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AcknowledgementsThis Task Force on
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ITU International Telecommunication
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networks and migrant associations i
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to developing countries than other
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But most importantly, remittances a
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often mix in the countries of desti
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According to the World Bank estimat
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Because of its focus on the multidi
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eceiving remittances provides an en
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associations for post-conflict inst
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are proposed to avoid the associate
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Terry, D. 2005. Remittances as a De
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oader approach to post-conflict rem
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networks can be seen as “homogeno
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That personalized nature of hawala
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Customary law (xeer) and other trad
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the world (Lindley 2009, 531). Much
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ize the informal equal efforts to a
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struction and development. Means sh
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opportunities should focus on exist
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2. Dodd-Frank Act and Remittances t
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leadership. Formal payments systems
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and financial institutions. 26 Reso
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closures should be both in English
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issued a new proposed regulation De
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“closed network,” in which all
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Some guidance may be found in the p
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the use of mobile devices for money
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Foreign TaxesUnder the 2012 regulat
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will be available in all cases. CFP
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Section II: Remittances in Post-Con
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Sri Lanka. The conflict also result
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Figure 2: Current Account, Trade Ba
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flows came from migrant workers in
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Informal Remittance Channels in Sri
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tory authorities, with some calls f
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4. The Role of Remittances in Post-
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Figure 1: Liberia Per Capita Income
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associations, women’s groups, alu
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Remittances to LiberiaValue of Remi
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credit because of the need to be li
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Remittance Transfers in Sierra Leon
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Knowledge RemittanceThe Liberian di
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process furthermore was a pioneerin
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Page 96 and 97: Section III: Diaspora Networks andC
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Page 100 and 101: One of the main challenges for mobi
Page 102 and 103: 6. Transnational Remittances and De
Page 104 and 105: The Salvadoran Diaspora is very sig
Page 106 and 107: annually during the 1990s to less t
Page 108 and 109: Figure 2: Transnational Vicious Cyc
Page 110 and 111: The transnational vicious cycle not
Page 112 and 113: emittance flows is mixed, as initia
Page 114 and 115: individuals, communities, and famil
Page 116 and 117: areas. This issue can potentially b
Page 118 and 119: This is a breakthrough moment: afte
Page 120 and 121: Edwards, Sebastian and I. Igal Mage
Page 122 and 123: y La Distribucion Del Ingreso, 1st
Page 124 and 125: 7. Remittances and Community Resili
Page 126 and 127: For quantitative data collection, a
Page 128 and 129: Remittances are perceived as playin
Page 130 and 131: the affected population. Internatio
Page 132 and 133: ReferencesAddleton, J. 1984. The im
Page 134 and 135: 8. Filling the Gap in Health Staffi
Page 136 and 137: The alternative is for donors to se
Page 138 and 139: cians in the U.S. in 2000 (Clemens
Page 141 and 142: 1. Remittances, Financial Inclusion
Page 143: networks, and communities. The role
Page 147 and 148: the island of Kosrae, in the Federa
Page 149 and 150: and Sweden and has held visiting pr
Page 151 and 152: he organized a number of workshops
Page 153 and 154: Pardee Center Conference ReportsDev
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