Task Force MembersFrank Feeley is Associate Professor and Associate Chair for Academics in theDepartment of International Health at Boston University School of Public Health.He served in governments in New York City and the Commonwealth of Massachusetts.In 21 years at Boston University he has consulted and performedhealth services research in countries as diverse as Turkey, Sri Lanka, the Republicof the Marshall Islands, Russia, Armenia, Namibia, Kenya, Ghana, Nigeria,Lesotho, and Zambia. His particular interests include the economic impact ofHIV and of AIDS treatment, health care financing, and the private provision andregulation of health care services. He holds a bachelor’s degree from the WoodrowWilson School of Public and International Affairs at Princeton University,studied science policy at the University of Edinburgh, and received a law degreefrom Yale Law School.Susan Foster is Professor of International Health at the Boston University Schoolof Public Health. Her research focuses on the economics of infectious disease,particularly antibiotic and antimicrobial resistance, malaria, HIV/AIDS, sexuallytransmitted infections, and TB. Prof. Foster served in the Peace Corps in Zaireand Cameroon, worked as a Young Professional within the World Bank’s Population,Health and Nutrition Department, and was seconded to the World HealthOrganization’s Essential Drugs Program in Geneva. She then joined the LondonSchool of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine as Senior Lecturer in Health Economics,and was the School’s first Distance Learning Coordinator. She has also done workin Burundi, Mali, Niger, Burkina Faso, Zambia, Rwanda, Kenya, Uganda, Madagascar,Indonesia, and Malaysia. At the BU School of Public Health, she teachescourses including Pathogens, Poverty and Populations, Seminar on InternationalHealth Policy, and Confronting Noncommunicable Diseases. She is a Faculty Fellowat BU’s Frederick S. <strong>Pardee</strong> Center for the Study of the Longer-Range Future.Kara Galer is currently a student at the Boston University School of PublicHealth, where she is earning an MPH in International Health and Epidemiology.She is a Boston native and received her Bachelor of Arts in Psychologyfrom Boston College. She now works at Boston Medical Center as the ResidencyProgram Coordinator in Pediatric Neurology. Prior to this, she taught English onRemittance Flows to Post-Conflict States: Perspectives on Human Security and Development 139
the island of Kosrae, in the Federated States of Micronesia, through the programWorldTeach. Galer has also worked with Harvard Medical School’s Departmentof Global Health and Social Medicine on the Global Health and DeliveryPartnership.Giovanna Gioli is Post-Doctoral Research Fellow at the Research Group “ClimateChange and Security” (CLISEC) of the University of Hamburg, and Visiting Fellowat the Sustainable Development Policy Institute (SDPI), based in Islamabad,Pakistan. Her research interests revolve around the socio-economic impactsof climate change with a focus on South Asia and on the gender dimension ofclimate change adaptation. She is also interested in “climate change and migration”discourse analysis. Her current research focuses on exploring the genderdimensions of migration as adaptation strategy in the Indus River Basin. Shehas previously worked in Nepal (with WOREC Nepal) on issues related to labormigration and women’s empowerment in South-Eastern Nepal.John R. Harris is Professor of Economics, faculty associate of the Institute forEconomic Development and of the African Studies Center at Boston University.His research has centered on human migration—both rural-urban withindeveloping economies and on international migration. Remittance behaviorof migrants has been an important focus of his research. In 2011, his 1970paper (with Michael Todaro), “Migration, Unemployment, and Development: ATwo-Sector Analysis,” was recognized as one of the 20 most influential articlespublished in the American Economic Review in its first 100 years. During hiscareer at Boston University, he served as Director of the African Studies Centerfrom 1975 to 1988. Prior to joining BU, he was Associate Professor of Economicsand Urban Studies, and Director of the Special Program for Urban and RegionalStudies at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology. He was a co-founder of theInteruniversity Committee on International Migration, which continues to beadministered through MIT. He was an Associate Research Fellow of the NigerianInstitute for Social and Economic Research, and a Research Fellow of the Institutefor Development Studies at the University of Nairobi. For some years he alsoserved as Director of an Advisory Project (DSP III) working with the IndonesianEconomic Planning Ministry (BAPPENAS), and has been a consultant to manyinternational organizations and governments in Africa and Asia.140 A <strong>Pardee</strong> Center Task Force <strong>Report</strong> | October 2013
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AcknowledgementsThis Task Force on
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networks and migrant associations i
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But most importantly, remittances a
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often mix in the countries of desti
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According to the World Bank estimat
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eceiving remittances provides an en
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associations for post-conflict inst
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are proposed to avoid the associate
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Terry, D. 2005. Remittances as a De
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oader approach to post-conflict rem
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networks can be seen as “homogeno
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That personalized nature of hawala
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Customary law (xeer) and other trad
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the world (Lindley 2009, 531). Much
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ize the informal equal efforts to a
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struction and development. Means sh
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opportunities should focus on exist
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2. Dodd-Frank Act and Remittances t
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leadership. Formal payments systems
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and financial institutions. 26 Reso
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closures should be both in English
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issued a new proposed regulation De
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“closed network,” in which all
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Some guidance may be found in the p
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the use of mobile devices for money
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Foreign TaxesUnder the 2012 regulat
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will be available in all cases. CFP
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Section II: Remittances in Post-Con
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Sri Lanka. The conflict also result
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Figure 2: Current Account, Trade Ba
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flows came from migrant workers in
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Informal Remittance Channels in Sri
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tory authorities, with some calls f
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4. The Role of Remittances in Post-
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Figure 1: Liberia Per Capita Income
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associations, women’s groups, alu
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Remittances to LiberiaValue of Remi
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credit because of the need to be li
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Remittance Transfers in Sierra Leon
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Knowledge RemittanceThe Liberian di
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process furthermore was a pioneerin
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Levitt, Peggy and Deepak Lamba-Niev
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