Pardee-CFLP-Remittances-TF-Report

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Table of Contentsiv Acknowledgementsv Acronyms and AbbreviationsExecutive Summary..........................................................................................................1Introduction...........................................................................................................................3Post-Conflict Remittances and Human Security: Perspectives onPeace-Building, Institutions, and DevelopmentDaivi Rodima-Taylor, Donald F. Terry, and John R. HarrisSection I: Remittance Transfer Systems: Issues of Formalizationand Regulation1. “Informal” Remittance Systems and Post-Conflict Development.......................21Daivi Rodima-Taylor2. Dodd-Frank Act and Remittances to Post-Conflict Countries:The Law of Unintended Consequences Strikes Again...........................................39Raymond NatterSection II: Remittances in Post-Conflict Development: Country Studies3. Migration, Remittances, Development, and the Civil Conflict in Sri Lanka....59Suranjana Nabar-Bhaduri4. The Role of Remittances in Post-Conflict Reconstruction:The Case of Liberia..........................................................................................................71Chantel F. PheifferSection III: Diaspora Networks and Co-Development5. Mobile Remittances: A Novel Tool for Post-Conflict Development?..................89Daivi Rodima-Taylor6. Transnational Remittances and Development in Post-ConflictSocieties: The Case of El Salvador..............................................................................95Raúl Hinojosa-Ojeda7. Remittances and Community Resilience to Conflict and EnvironmentalHazards in Northwestern Pakistan..............................................................................117Giovanna Gioli, Talimand Khan, and Jürgen Scheffran8. Filling the Gap in Health Staffing in Post-Conflict States: A Modest butInnovative Proposal.........................................................................................................127Frank Feeley, Susan Foster, Kara Galer, and Martin McKeeSection IV: Task Force Findings, Policy Recommendations, andSuggested Areas for Further ResearchBiographies of Task Force Membersiii
AcknowledgementsThis Task Force on Remittances to Post-Conflict States is co-sponsored by Boston University’sCenter for Finance, Law & Policy and The Frederick S. Pardee Center for the Study ofthe Longer-Range Future.The co-conveners sincerely thank the Center for Finance, Law & Policy and The FrederickS. Pardee Center for the Study of the Longer-Range Future for their support of this project.The leaders of these two centers, Cornelius Hurley and James McCann, respectively, werecentral to launching this Task Force. The commitment and dedication of the AssociateDirector of the Center for Finance, Law & Policy, Neal Estey, was essential in propelling theTask Force to a successful completion.The quality and breadth of information contained herein was made possible by theremarkable research talents of Daivi Rodima-Taylor, who served as lead researcher andhas set a precedent for excellence that will be difficult to match. The mentoring, management,and exceptional editing skills of Cynthia Barakatt, Associate Director of the PardeeCenter, were central to ensuring the high quality of the Task Force overall, and the finalReport in particular.We are especially grateful to Voury Ignegongba, President of Africans in Boston, for arrangingdiscussion groups with members of various African diasporas. Their insights based onpersonal experiences regarding remittances proved invaluable to understanding the veryreal human aspects of this critical issue. We are equally grateful to Ababacar Seck, CEOof Money Express, for informing our understanding of the remittance infrastructure andnetworks in West Africa.Finally, throughout this project, Parker Shipton and Robert Lucas, both of Boston University,have shared their expertise and helped refine the focus and analysis of the issues.iv
Page 1 and 2: Pardee Center TASK FORCE Report oct
Page 3: This series of papers, Pardee Cente
Page 7 and 8: ITU International Telecommunication
Page 9 and 10: networks and migrant associations i
Page 11 and 12: to developing countries than other
Page 13 and 14: But most importantly, remittances a
Page 15 and 16: often mix in the countries of desti
Page 17 and 18: According to the World Bank estimat
Page 19 and 20: Because of its focus on the multidi
Page 21 and 22: eceiving remittances provides an en
Page 23 and 24: associations for post-conflict inst
Page 25 and 26: are proposed to avoid the associate
Page 27 and 28: Terry, D. 2005. Remittances as a De
Page 29 and 30: oader approach to post-conflict rem
Page 31 and 32: networks can be seen as “homogeno
Page 33 and 34: That personalized nature of hawala
Page 35 and 36: Customary law (xeer) and other trad
Page 37 and 38: the world (Lindley 2009, 531). Much
Page 40 and 41: ize the informal equal efforts to a
Page 42 and 43: struction and development. Means sh
Page 44 and 45: opportunities should focus on exist
Page 46 and 47: 2. Dodd-Frank Act and Remittances t
Page 48 and 49: leadership. Formal payments systems
Page 50 and 51: and financial institutions. 26 Reso
Page 52 and 53: closures should be both in English
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issued a new proposed regulation De
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“closed network,” in which all
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Some guidance may be found in the p
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the use of mobile devices for money
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Foreign TaxesUnder the 2012 regulat
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will be available in all cases. CFP
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Section II: Remittances in Post-Con
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Sri Lanka. The conflict also result
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Figure 2: Current Account, Trade Ba
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flows came from migrant workers in
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Informal Remittance Channels in Sri
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tory authorities, with some calls f
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4. The Role of Remittances in Post-
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Figure 1: Liberia Per Capita Income
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associations, women’s groups, alu
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Remittances to LiberiaValue of Remi
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credit because of the need to be li
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Remittance Transfers in Sierra Leon
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Knowledge RemittanceThe Liberian di
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process furthermore was a pioneerin
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Levitt, Peggy and Deepak Lamba-Niev
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Section III: Diaspora Networks andC
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Post-Conflict Development,” this
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One of the main challenges for mobi
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6. Transnational Remittances and De
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The Salvadoran Diaspora is very sig
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annually during the 1990s to less t
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Figure 2: Transnational Vicious Cyc
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The transnational vicious cycle not
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emittance flows is mixed, as initia
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individuals, communities, and famil
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areas. This issue can potentially b
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This is a breakthrough moment: afte
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Edwards, Sebastian and I. Igal Mage
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y La Distribucion Del Ingreso, 1st
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7. Remittances and Community Resili
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For quantitative data collection, a
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Remittances are perceived as playin
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the affected population. Internatio
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ReferencesAddleton, J. 1984. The im
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8. Filling the Gap in Health Staffi
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The alternative is for donors to se
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cians in the U.S. in 2000 (Clemens
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1. Remittances, Financial Inclusion
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networks, and communities. The role
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• In the present era of heightene
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the island of Kosrae, in the Federa
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and Sweden and has held visiting pr
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he organized a number of workshops
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Pardee Center Conference ReportsDev
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