Pardee-CFLP-Remittances-TF-Report

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opportunities should focus on existing remittance institutions and diverseinfrastructural opportunities.• When developing post-conflict remittance transfers, collaboration should beexplored among a wide range of existing institutions of financial inclusion,such as post offices, mobile banking platforms, microfinance institutions,credit unions and cooperative marketing associations, as well as local rotatingsavings associations, women’s economic groups, farmers’ associations andnatural resource user groups, and umbrella organizations for local producersand entrepreneurs. A broader view of remittance institutions that bridge theformal and informal divide and enable productive partnerships should beencouraged.ReferencesBallard, Roger. 2003. A Background Report on the Operation of Informal Value Transfer Systems(Hawala). Available at: casas.org.uk/papers/pdfpapers/hawala.pdf.El Qorchi, Mohammed, Samuel Maimbo, and John Wilson. 2003. Informal Funds Transfer Systems:An Analysis of the Informal Hawala System. The International Monetary Fund and theWorld Bank.Fagen, Patricia and Micah Bump. 2006. Remittances in Conflict and Crises: How Remittances SustainLivelihoods in War, Crises, and Transitions to Peace. Security-Development Nexus ProgramPolicy Papers. New York: International Peace Academy.Feldman, Bob. 2007. Somalia: Amidst the Rubble, a Vibrant Telecommunications Infrastructure.Review of African Political Economy 34: 565–572.Hariharan, Arya. 2012. Hawala’s Charm: What Banks Can Learn from Informal Value TransferSystems. William & Mary Business Law Review 3: 273–308.Levitt, Peggy and Deepak Lamba-Nieves. 2011. Social Remittances Revisited. Journal of Ethnicand Migration Studies 37: 1–22.Lindley, Anna. 2010. The Early Morning Phone Call: Somali Refugees’ Remittances. New York:Berghahn Books.Lindley, Anna. 2009. Between ‘Dirty Money’ and ‘Development Capital’: Somali Money TransferInfrastructure under Global Scrutiny. African Affairs 108: 519–539.Lindley, Anna. 2008. Conflict-Induced Migration and Remittances: Exploring Conceptual Frameworks.Refugee Study Center Working Paper No. 47, Oxford University.Looney, Robert. 2003. Hawala: The Terrorist’s Informal Financial Mechanism. Middle EastPolicy X: 164–167.Maimbo, Samuel Munzele. 2007. Remittances and Financial Sector Development in ConflictAffected Countries. Africagrowth Agenda January–March 2007: 26–28. Available at:http://tinyurl.com/WB-AfricaGrowth.Maimbo, Samuel Munzele. 2003. The Money Exchange Dealers of Kabul: A Study of the HawalaSystem in Afghanistan. Washington, D.C.: The World Bank Working Paper No. 13.Maimbo, Samuel Munzele and Nikos Passas. 2005. The Regulation and Supervision of InformalFunds Transfer Systems. In Remittances: Development Impact and Future Prospects, eds.Samuel Munzele Maimbo and Dilip Ratha, 211–226. Washington, D.C.: The World Bank.Martin, Marina. 2009. Hundi/Hawala: The Problem of Definition. Modern Asian Studies43: 909–937.Remittance Flows to Post-Conflict States: Perspectives on Human Security and Development 37
Monsutti, Alessandro. 2004. Cooperation, Remittances and Kinship among the Hazaras. IranianStudies 37: 219–240.Omer, Abdusalam and Gina El Koury. 2005. Regulation and Supervision in a Vacuum: The Storyof the Somali Remittance Sector. In Remittances: Development Impact and Future Prospects,eds. Samuel Munzele Maimbo and Dilip Ratha, 227–240. Washington, D.C.: The World Bank.Passas, Nikos. 2003. Hawala and Other Informal Value Transfer Systems: How to Regulate Them?Risk Management 5: 49–59.Passas, Nikos. 2008. Formalizing the Informal While Neglecting Trade Transparency: Issues inthe Regulation of Hawala and Financial Controls against Terrorism. In From Early Warning toEarly Action? 407–413. Brussels, Commission of the European Union.Passas, Nikos. 1999. Informal Value Transfer Systems and Criminal Organizations: A Study intoSo-Called Underground Banking Networks. The Hague: Ministry of Justice, The Netherlands.Available at: http://tinyurl.com/Underground-Bank.Pieke, Frank, Nicholas Van Hear, and Anna Lindley. 2007. Beyond Control? The Mechanics andDynamics of ‘Informal’ Remittances Between Europe and Africa. Global Networks 7: 348–366.Razavy, Maryam. 2005. Hawala: An Underground Haven for Terrorists or Social Phenomenon?Crime, Law and Social Change 44: 277–299.Sander, Cerstin and Samuel Munzele Maimbo. 2003. Migrant Labor Remittances in Africa: ReducingObstacles to Developmental Contributions. Washington, D.C.: The World Bank.Schramm, Matthias and Markus Taube. 2003. Evolution and Institutional Foundation of theHawala Financial System. International Review of Financial Analysis 12: 405–420.Shah, Anand A. 2007. The International Regulation of Informal Value Transfer Systems. UtrechtLaw Review 3: 193–218.Slota, Emily. 2012. The Informal Market on Remittances: Understanding the Scale and Drivers ofInformal Remittances to Drive Better Policy Choices. John F. Kennedy School of Government,Second Year Paper.Wilson, John F. 2002. Hawala and Other Informal Payments Systems: An Economic Perspective.Paper prepared for the Seminar in Monetary and Financial Law, IMF. Available at: http://www.imf.org/external/np/leg/sem/2002/cdmfl/eng/wilson.pdf.38 A Pardee Center Task Force Report | October 2013
Page 1 and 2: Pardee Center TASK FORCE Report oct
Page 3 and 4: This series of papers, Pardee Cente
Page 5 and 6: AcknowledgementsThis Task Force on
Page 7 and 8: ITU International Telecommunication
Page 9 and 10: networks and migrant associations i
Page 11 and 12: to developing countries than other
Page 13 and 14: But most importantly, remittances a
Page 15 and 16: often mix in the countries of desti
Page 17 and 18: According to the World Bank estimat
Page 19 and 20: Because of its focus on the multidi
Page 21 and 22: eceiving remittances provides an en
Page 23 and 24: associations for post-conflict inst
Page 25 and 26: are proposed to avoid the associate
Page 27 and 28: Terry, D. 2005. Remittances as a De
Page 29 and 30: oader approach to post-conflict rem
Page 31 and 32: networks can be seen as “homogeno
Page 33 and 34: That personalized nature of hawala
Page 35 and 36: Customary law (xeer) and other trad
Page 37 and 38: the world (Lindley 2009, 531). Much
Page 40 and 41: ize the informal equal efforts to a
Page 42 and 43: struction and development. Means sh
Page 46 and 47: 2. Dodd-Frank Act and Remittances t
Page 48 and 49: leadership. Formal payments systems
Page 50 and 51: and financial institutions. 26 Reso
Page 52 and 53: closures should be both in English
Page 54 and 55: issued a new proposed regulation De
Page 56 and 57: “closed network,” in which all
Page 58 and 59: Some guidance may be found in the p
Page 60 and 61: the use of mobile devices for money
Page 62 and 63: Foreign TaxesUnder the 2012 regulat
Page 64 and 65: will be available in all cases. CFP
Page 66 and 67: Section II: Remittances in Post-Con
Page 68 and 69: Sri Lanka. The conflict also result
Page 70 and 71: Figure 2: Current Account, Trade Ba
Page 72 and 73: flows came from migrant workers in
Page 74 and 75: Informal Remittance Channels in Sri
Page 76 and 77: tory authorities, with some calls f
Page 78 and 79: 4. The Role of Remittances in Post-
Page 80 and 81: Figure 1: Liberia Per Capita Income
Page 82 and 83: associations, women’s groups, alu
Page 84 and 85: Remittances to LiberiaValue of Remi
Page 86 and 87: credit because of the need to be li
Page 88 and 89: Remittance Transfers in Sierra Leon
Page 90 and 91: Knowledge RemittanceThe Liberian di
Page 92 and 93: process furthermore was a pioneerin
Page 94 and 95:
Levitt, Peggy and Deepak Lamba-Niev
Page 96 and 97:
Section III: Diaspora Networks andC
Page 98 and 99:
Post-Conflict Development,” this
Page 100 and 101:
One of the main challenges for mobi
Page 102 and 103:
6. Transnational Remittances and De
Page 104 and 105:
The Salvadoran Diaspora is very sig
Page 106 and 107:
annually during the 1990s to less t
Page 108 and 109:
Figure 2: Transnational Vicious Cyc
Page 110 and 111:
The transnational vicious cycle not
Page 112 and 113:
emittance flows is mixed, as initia
Page 114 and 115:
individuals, communities, and famil
Page 116 and 117:
areas. This issue can potentially b
Page 118 and 119:
This is a breakthrough moment: afte
Page 120 and 121:
Edwards, Sebastian and I. Igal Mage
Page 122 and 123:
y La Distribucion Del Ingreso, 1st
Page 124 and 125:
7. Remittances and Community Resili
Page 126 and 127:
For quantitative data collection, a
Page 128 and 129:
Remittances are perceived as playin
Page 130 and 131:
the affected population. Internatio
Page 132 and 133:
ReferencesAddleton, J. 1984. The im
Page 134 and 135:
8. Filling the Gap in Health Staffi
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The alternative is for donors to se
Page 138 and 139:
cians in the U.S. in 2000 (Clemens
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1. Remittances, Financial Inclusion
Page 143 and 144:
networks, and communities. The role
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• In the present era of heightene
Page 147 and 148:
the island of Kosrae, in the Federa
Page 149 and 150:
and Sweden and has held visiting pr
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he organized a number of workshops
Page 153 and 154:
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