Pardee-CFLP-Remittances-TF-Report

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Conflict-induced remittance systems are often informal in character, embeddedin existing social institutions and networks of reciprocity. The informalityof post-conflict remittance transfers poses challenges to their integration intorehabilitation and development efforts. The nature of the remittance systemsthat characterize many post-conflict settings is discussed and their potential forfacilitating multi-level institutional linkages is explored. Contemporary informalremittance systems form increasingly complex global financial networks thatare still very poorly understood. The Report suggests that the formalization ofremittance transfer systems should be seen as a local and socially embeddedprocess, and opportunities for further institutional development and diversificationshould be sought in collaborative efforts among a broad set of local andglobal actors. Regulatory amendments are also discussed that currently defineremittance transfers to post-conflict countries. The Report reveals the waysthe existing regulations may inhibit remittance flows through formal channelsas they have been designed for remittance contexts that are characterized bypredictability, transparency,and well-developed financialinfrastructure. Suggestions areoffered for introducing moreflexibility into regulatoryframeworks for transnationalremittance transfers.The Report reveals the ways the existingregulations may inhibit remittance flowsthrough formal channels as they have beendesigned for remittance contexts that arecharacterized by predictability, transparency,and well-developed financial infrastructure.The integral connections among diverse aspects of vulnerability are also examined,particularly the relationships between building resilience to violent conflictand adaptation to environmental hazards. A paper concentrating on the impactof remittances to community resilience in Northwestern Pakistan points outthe importance of viewing human conflict in combination with environmentalcrisis when exploring the role of remittances in local adaptation to vulnerability.That discussion highlights the role of remittances as an adaptive mechanism tomultiple simultaneous crises and disruptions.The Report also focuses on the contributions of diaspora networks and migrantassociations to post-conflict development. There is discussion of novel types ofgovernment–diaspora collaboration that have potential to facilitate post-conflictrehabilitation, with a focus on using information and communication technologyfor financial empowerment of the poor in El Salvador and benefit the communitiesof both senders and recipients of the remittance flows. Emigration of healthspecialists from conflict-affected countries is also discussed, and some measuresRemittance Flows to Post-Conflict States: Perspectives on Human Security and Development 17
are proposed to avoid the associated brain drain and to encourage the return ofskilled professionals to their countries of origin after a humanitarian crisis. Therole of social remittances like skills, technology, and knowledge in the rehabilitationof post-conflict societies is examined in the examples of Liberia and SriLanka. Conditions for more productive use of migrants’ remittances are analyzedwhile drawing upon case studies from post-conflict countries in Africa, Asia, andLatin America.The focus of this volume is on the increasing connectedness of diverse aspectsof human vulnerability that may disrupt peace and development, and the roleof remittances in building local resilience through a broad range of local institutionsand with attention to individual and community empowerment. Althoughremittances have a vast potential to enhance post-conflict human security, theintegration of remittance flows into economic and social rehabilitation effortsstill faces considerable challenges. The main findings of the Report as well assuggestions for further research and policy application are outlined in Section IV.18 A Pardee Center Task Force Report | October 2013
Page 1 and 2: Pardee Center TASK FORCE Report oct
Page 3 and 4: This series of papers, Pardee Cente
Page 5 and 6: AcknowledgementsThis Task Force on
Page 7 and 8: ITU International Telecommunication
Page 9 and 10: networks and migrant associations i
Page 11 and 12: to developing countries than other
Page 13 and 14: But most importantly, remittances a
Page 15 and 16: often mix in the countries of desti
Page 17 and 18: According to the World Bank estimat
Page 19 and 20: Because of its focus on the multidi
Page 21 and 22: eceiving remittances provides an en
Page 23: associations for post-conflict inst
Page 27 and 28: Terry, D. 2005. Remittances as a De
Page 29 and 30: oader approach to post-conflict rem
Page 31 and 32: networks can be seen as “homogeno
Page 33 and 34: That personalized nature of hawala
Page 35 and 36: Customary law (xeer) and other trad
Page 37 and 38: the world (Lindley 2009, 531). Much
Page 40 and 41: ize the informal equal efforts to a
Page 42 and 43: struction and development. Means sh
Page 44 and 45: opportunities should focus on exist
Page 46 and 47: 2. Dodd-Frank Act and Remittances t
Page 48 and 49: leadership. Formal payments systems
Page 50 and 51: and financial institutions. 26 Reso
Page 52 and 53: closures should be both in English
Page 54 and 55: issued a new proposed regulation De
Page 56 and 57: “closed network,” in which all
Page 58 and 59: Some guidance may be found in the p
Page 60 and 61: the use of mobile devices for money
Page 62 and 63: Foreign TaxesUnder the 2012 regulat
Page 64 and 65: will be available in all cases. CFP
Page 66 and 67: Section II: Remittances in Post-Con
Page 68 and 69: Sri Lanka. The conflict also result
Page 70 and 71: Figure 2: Current Account, Trade Ba
Page 72 and 73: flows came from migrant workers in
Page 74 and 75:
Informal Remittance Channels in Sri
Page 76 and 77:
tory authorities, with some calls f
Page 78 and 79:
4. The Role of Remittances in Post-
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Figure 1: Liberia Per Capita Income
Page 82 and 83:
associations, women’s groups, alu
Page 84 and 85:
Remittances to LiberiaValue of Remi
Page 86 and 87:
credit because of the need to be li
Page 88 and 89:
Remittance Transfers in Sierra Leon
Page 90 and 91:
Knowledge RemittanceThe Liberian di
Page 92 and 93:
process furthermore was a pioneerin
Page 94 and 95:
Levitt, Peggy and Deepak Lamba-Niev
Page 96 and 97:
Section III: Diaspora Networks andC
Page 98 and 99:
Post-Conflict Development,” this
Page 100 and 101:
One of the main challenges for mobi
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6. Transnational Remittances and De
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The Salvadoran Diaspora is very sig
Page 106 and 107:
annually during the 1990s to less t
Page 108 and 109:
Figure 2: Transnational Vicious Cyc
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The transnational vicious cycle not
Page 112 and 113:
emittance flows is mixed, as initia
Page 114 and 115:
individuals, communities, and famil
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areas. This issue can potentially b
Page 118 and 119:
This is a breakthrough moment: afte
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Edwards, Sebastian and I. Igal Mage
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y La Distribucion Del Ingreso, 1st
Page 124 and 125:
7. Remittances and Community Resili
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For quantitative data collection, a
Page 128 and 129:
Remittances are perceived as playin
Page 130 and 131:
the affected population. Internatio
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ReferencesAddleton, J. 1984. The im
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8. Filling the Gap in Health Staffi
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The alternative is for donors to se
Page 138 and 139:
cians in the U.S. in 2000 (Clemens
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1. Remittances, Financial Inclusion
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networks, and communities. The role
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• In the present era of heightene
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the island of Kosrae, in the Federa
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and Sweden and has held visiting pr
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he organized a number of workshops
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Pardee Center Conference ReportsDev
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