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TABLE 1.1 (continued )S612 1 10 15 9 2 6 8 0 13 3 4 14 7 5 1110 15 4 2 7 12 9 5 6 1 13 14 0 11 3 89 14 15 5 2 8 12 3 7 0 4 10 1 13 11 64 3 2 12 9 5 15 10 11 14 1 7 6 0 8 13S74 11 2 14 15 0 8 13 3 12 9 7 5 10 6 113 0 11 7 4 9 1 10 14 3 5 12 2 15 8 61 4 11 13 12 3 7 14 10 15 6 8 0 5 9 26 11 13 8 1 4 10 7 9 5 0 15 14 2 3 12S813 2 8 4 6 15 11 1 10 9 3 14 5 0 12 71 15 13 8 10 3 7 4 12 5 6 11 0 14 9 27 1 4 1 9 12 14 2 0 6 10 13 15 3 5 82 1 14 7 4 10 8 13 15 12 9 0 3 5 6 11PERMUTATION FUNCTION. The purpose of the permutation function P fof Fig. 1.8 is to take all the selection function’s 32 bits and permute the digitsto produce a 32-bit block output. The permutation function P f simplyperformsZ ¼ P f ðY Þð1:11Þwhere the permutation is like the ordering sequence of the ‘‘expansionfunction’’:P f ¼16 7 20 2129 12 28 171 15 23 265 18 31 102 8 24 1432 27 3 919 13 30 622 11 4 25ð1:12aÞCopyright © 2002 by Marcel Dekker, Inc. All Rights Reserved.
Page 2:
SatelliteCommunicationEngineeringMi
Page 6: This book is dedicated to my famili
Page 10: Because of the immense importance o
Page 14: means of a combination of applicati
Page 18: about my promise to my students, an
Page 22: 2.3 Coverage Area and Satellite Net
Page 26: 1Basic Principles of SatelliteCommu
Page 30: and voice (telephone) communication
Page 34: FIGURE 1.2Communication between two
Page 38: interpreting or uncovering the deci
Page 42: cryptographic keys K ti (where i ¼
Page 46: FIGURE 1.6Block ciphering technique
Page 50: FIGURE 1.7Part of block ciphering w
Page 54: Based on the ordering sequence of (
Page 60: and the 32-bit block input isY ¼ y
Page 64: communication package placed in orb
Page 68: 2Satellites2.1 OVERVIEWA satellite
Page 72: stable over their operating tempera
Page 76: FIGURE 2.3 Geometric properties of
Page 80: at the altitudes of satellites, the
Page 84: whereg ¼ acceleration due to gravi
Page 88: 2.3 COVERAGE AREA AND SATELLITENETW
Page 92: The apex angle required at the sate
Page 96: the frontline satellites is then pa
Page 100: station antenna must be pointed to
Page 104: and the azimuth angle is a z ¼ 180
Page 108:
2.5.3 Swath WidthThe width of the v
Page 112:
2.6.3 System Speci¢cations: Analys
Page 116:
Like all materials that require cou
Page 120:
By the first definition, the system
Page 124:
SolutionFrom (2.28), we can estimat
Page 128:
FIGURE 2.11An example of redundancy
Page 132:
adiators. An antenna array is a fam
Page 136:
Example 2.3: The earth subtends an
Page 140:
eam is assumed symmetrical (i.e., y
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FIGURE 2.15Feed array elements ðy
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If the steering is in the direction
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2.8 SATELLITE POWER SYSTEMSA key co
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Calculate (1) the probability that
Page 160:
FIGURE 2.20Carrier processing.infor
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FIGURE 2.22(d) elliptic.Types of ba
Page 168:
FIGURE 2.23A klystron. (Courtesy of
Page 172:
FIGURE 2.25A simple block diagram o
Page 176:
tional protection is required to en
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3.1 BASIC PRINCIPLE OF EARTH STATIO
Page 184:
3.1.1 Technical and Operational Req
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excellent protection against noise
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FIGURE 3.3QPSK modulator.FIGURE 3.4
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TABLE 3.28-PSK Truth TableInput bit
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FIGURE 3.8An M-ary PSK demodulator
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where B is the allocated channel ba
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A frequently used function is the Q
Page 212:
In view of (3.11), Eq. (3.18) can b
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Encoder and DecoderAn encoder is an
Page 220:
Modulator and DemodulatorA modulato
Page 224:
Zero Forcing Technique. Suppose the
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The adjoint of matrix A is obtained
Page 232:
FIGURE 3.14The three-tap equalizer
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First, in the case of digital signa
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than 1=A. Whichever law is used, th
Page 244:
FIGURE 3.16Block diagram for estima
Page 248:
3.4.2 Antenna TrackingAn earth stat
Page 252:
controlling antenna pointing. The m
Page 256:
FIGURE 3.19A generalized model of a
Page 260:
FIGURE 3.20Entropy of a binary sour
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whereHðYÞ¼output entropy, the av
Page 268:
To have a feel for this expression,
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2. The system’s overall condition
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transmitted down the fiber as digit
Page 280:
10. Kantor, L. Y. (ed). (1987). Han
Page 284:
142. Simulate the probability of bi
Page 288:
FIGURE 4.1A simplex link.baseband c
Page 292:
Chapter 2, Sec. 2.7, discusses that
Page 296:
From (4.6), the received power P r
Page 300:
FIGURE 4.3A model of the combined-l
Page 304:
4.1.2 Rain AttenuationRain attenuat
Page 308:
FIGURE 4.5rates.Average rainstorm p
Page 312:
FIGURE 4.6Adjacent satellite interf
Page 316:
FIGURE 4.8Satellite separation dist
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inability of satellite A to accurat
Page 324:
FIGURE 4.10 Cross-link E b =N 0 vs.
Page 328:
Then using (4.41), the overall C=N
Page 332:
(iv)(v)(vi)(vii)Calculate the recei
Page 336:
5Communication Networks andSystemsC
Page 340:
discriminate among carriers by temp
Page 344:
FIGURE 5.2 Principle of FDMA system
Page 348:
FIGURE 5.3 Operational concept of T
Page 352:
FIGURE 5.5TDMA: bit rate r b for 1
Page 356:
Copyright © 2002 by Marcel Dekker,
Page 360:
5.2 CAPACITY COMPARISON OFMULTIPLE-
Page 364:
Rearranging (5.11) in terms of ener
Page 368:
The transmission bit rate isR r ¼
Page 372:
6Error Detection and CorrectionCodi
Page 376:
the channel and reconstruct the sou
Page 380:
message sequence X . Thus, a system
Page 384:
If we consider a message X ¼ð1010
Page 388:
can be seen in Table 6.1 that the m
Page 392:
FIGURE 6.1A (7, 4) cyclic code gene
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FIGURE 6.2Convolutional codes encod
Page 400:
Alternative methods of describing a
Page 404:
FIGURE 6.5 Code tree diagram of Fig
Page 408:
FIGURE 6.8 Code tree diagram of rat
Page 412:
consistent with the constraint leng
Page 416:
trellis depth is approximated to 5L
Page 420:
FIGURE P.1A convolutional coder.the
Page 424:
7Regulatory Agencies andProceduresT
Page 428:
of the radiofrequency spectrum, and
Page 432:
The CCIR works through the medium o
Page 436:
7.1.3 IFRBThe International Frequen
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The national or regional spectrum m
Page 444:
3. The need to expand or enhance th
Page 448:
The DSP will be responsible for res
Page 452:
2. Provide a convenient framework w
Page 456:
FIGURE 8.3Types of user-to-network
Page 460:
H1-channels are designed to carry v
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information. The transfer cell prov
Page 468:
The OSI layers are divided into two
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plane is denoted by U, the control
Page 476:
interfacing, maintenance, and conne
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adjoining base station to scan the
Page 484:
FIGURE 8.9Geometry of a polygon.The
Page 488:
FIGURE 8.11Splitting cells into sma
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causes signal fading. Of course, th
Page 496:
FIGURE 8.14TCP=IP suite and its rel
Page 500:
access to an Internet point of pres
Page 504:
message security via satellite is d
Page 508:
REFERENCES1. Wu, W.W. (1989). Eleme
Page 512:
Appendix ANotationsThe symbols have
Page 516:
N sPP rP sP TRRðtÞR cR eR rR vSS
Page 520:
g Central anglez Channel gainZ Ante
Page 524:
AttenuationBandwidthBearer serviceB
Page 528:
Frequency divisionmultiple accessFr
Page 532:
MultiplexingNetworkOmnidirectionala
Page 536:
UplinkUser-to-networkinterfaceThe e
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