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to be contemporary with the hall in Lejre, perhaps from the 8th century. It is reasonable to consider the hall in Uppsala one of the royal halls of this site. 16 Valsgärde. The hall in Valsgärde is a recent discovery (Norr and Sundkvist 1995). It is the main house of a large farm adjacent to the boat grave cemetery. Its position in the landscape parallels that of the hall in Uppsala, placed on an artificially made terrace stretching from the southwest to the northeast overlooking flat arable land. 17 Högom house III. This house, dated to the 4th century AD, stands out in several ways (Ramqvist 1994). It is different from the normal farmhouse of northern Sweden (cf. Liedgren 1992) and situated under one of the big mounds at Högom. Högom is in all probability a royal site and the hall a building with several functions. 18 Borg in Lofoten. The main farmhouse on Borg has several functions. One of the rooms is the hall room. Guldgubbar in the postholes, broken glass and finds connected with handicraft characterise the room (Munch et al. 1989; Munch 1990) as a chieftain’s hall. There are three main houses in a series in the same spot and they constitutes a small stratigraphical sequence dated between the 6th and the 10th century AD. 19 Yeavering. (Hope-Taylor 1977). Known historically, like Lejre and Old Uppsala, as a royal farm, the site contains a number of halls. Dating to the 7th and 8th century. The halls at Yeavering are roughly contemporary with those in Lejre and Old Uppsala. Contrary to these sites, however, Yeavering is a solitary farm on which a King could be expected to stay only temporarily. 20 Cowdery’s Down. (Millet and James 1983).The tentatively identified halls at Cowdery’s Down from the 5th century are prototypes of the Anglo-Saxon hall of which there are such splendid examples in Yeavering. The halls are, however, also of the same kind as that at Wijster (No. 1). 185
186 Appendix II An English version of four poems by Venantius Fortunatus concerning Duke Lupus. The text is based on Leo (1881) and on Blomgren (1933 and 1971). The translation is reprinted from Flemberg (1996). * Carmina Book VII, Poem 7 May the great men of the past and the lofty names all give way, defeated (due to) by Duke Lupus! Everything, which the wise Scipio, the capable Cato and the fortunate Pompey did, can be found in you alone. During their consulate Roman power shone, but during your dukeship Rome has returned to us. When you grant an audience, everyone gains confidence, your free speech is helpful to freedom. If someone is sorrowful and troubled, he is in a better mood when he has seen you. Your mind is serious and your thoughts (heart) are deep and the salinity of a calm sea flows from your mouth. But it is mainly for the people, that your gift of fluent speech is useful: you flavour the thoughts as the salt of the wave seasons the food. You are the root of advice and the vein of a plentiful taste, your mind is lively, your mouth fluent and fast, you who shine in each, prepared to either, whatever you have at heart your tongue can produce. The King’s power is founded in your bosom and the State is strong due to your help.
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Occasional Papers in Archaeology 15
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Published with grants from Swedish
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6 The Two Panegyrics ..............
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I. Introduction This study seeks an
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(Herschend 1993). It has also becom
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democratic congregation had been es
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ample of a need for large storage f
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mately the sense applied to the oth
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is found at Borg in Lofoten and dat
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Figures 3a and b. (a) The hall at W
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(b) An early phase of a farm at Cow
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The Farm Owner’s Seat The positio
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place. Living quarters are limited
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Figure 9. A proposed schematic deve
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When eventually hall and power, kin
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Figures 12a and b. A comparison bet
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kitchen. The tempo in Northern Norw
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have their obvious counterparts in
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they, contrary to most of the guest
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accessible, elevated and at the sam
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Figures 17a-c. Three sections of ro
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this farm, however, the village was
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Figure 19. The Oelandic Iron Age vi
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50 Figures 21a and b. (a), Early Me
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question. This is certainly a matte
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the sources used, houses as well as
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Although we may accept the argument
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The change in the meaning of the wo
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60 UlfR ok þeR Ragnarr restu sten
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Earlier discussions of the Old Engl
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Figure 22. The structure of Wealhth
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than pious disposition, ought to do
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Figure 25. Two partly overlapping e
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good father, good son or good broth
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72 In reality it gives a significan
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and immediately afterwards he is cu
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current, throughout the poem as wel
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2209 hé gehéold tela fiftig wintr
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Figure 30. The use of the word good
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to introduce Beowulf and to describ
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mate success, but there is no sharp
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Wealhtheow, whose name means ‘cel
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In verse 1810 the sword Hrunting is
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you and perhaps take a liking to yo
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it must be discussed how a Late Cla
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45 Post tenebras noctis stellarum l
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Sigibert burn to marry the maid. Th
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why is the description of Brunhild
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Skírne-motif and hints at the para
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fourth belongs to a period after Si
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The second poem seems ultimately to
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106 You have adopted the custom of
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Distant or stand-offish Germanic ki
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110 So am I, exhausted by the might
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the first poem to express the unite
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How fast does Fame fly, rising on f
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order to survive and develop, but a
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Their peaceful role in general and
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Page 123 and 124: esult of a philosophical developmen
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Page 127 and 128: and humans and animals on each side
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Page 131 and 132: The established aristocracy is alwa
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Page 135 and 136: peasants, namely the marriage betwe
Page 137 and 138: have been their obvious right to ex
Page 139 and 140: not free to pass through the lower
Page 141 and 142: 174 Then Ælfwine said, he talked b
Page 143 and 144: was a child. Today we would not cou
Page 145 and 146: Beowulf in the first part of the po
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Page 149 and 150: Andersson, K., 1993. Romersk guldsm
Page 151 and 152: Fabech, C., 1998. Slöinge i perspe
Page 153 and 154: ⎯ 1993. The origin of the hall in
Page 155 and 156: Knudsen, S. Aa. & Hertz, E., 1994.
Page 157 and 158: Nielsen, K. M., 1945. Var thegnerne
Page 159 and 160: ⎯ 1993. Vikingetidens volde og bo
Page 161 and 162: Williams, T. A., M. Shaw & V. Debha
Page 163 and 164: 212
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Page 169 and 170: 3 Dejbjerg. The hall from Dejbjerg
Page 171: on a central farm among other large
Page 175 and 176: 188 To him who strengthless fled th
Page 177 and 178: 190 When I, as a stranger, saw Germ
Page 179 and 180: Notes 1 The translation follows the
Page 181 and 182: always fasting, incessantly praying
Page 183 and 184: 7. When Atharidos got to know this
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Beowulf - Institutionen för arkeologi och antik historia

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