The Origin and Evolution of Mammals - Moodle
The Origin and Evolution of Mammals - Moodle
The Origin and Evolution of Mammals - Moodle
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Overkill hypothesis 289, 290<br />
Oxyaena 248, 249<br />
Oxyaenidae 248, 250<br />
Pachygenelus 72, 73, 74, 75<br />
feeding mechanism 100<br />
Pachyrukhos 246<br />
Paenungulata 222, 252–3<br />
Pakicetus 265, 266<br />
Palaeanodonta 247<br />
Palaeoamasia 254<br />
Palaeomastodon 256<br />
Palaeoryctida 229–30<br />
Palaeotheriidae 260<br />
Palaeotherium 262<br />
Paleoparadoxia 254, 257<br />
Paleothyris 16<br />
Palorchestes 213<br />
Palorchestidae 213<br />
Pantodonta 238, 239, 240<br />
Pantolestida 231<br />
Pappictidops 247, 250<br />
Pappotherium 173, 174<br />
Parabradyosaurus 30<br />
Paraceratherium 262<br />
Parageogale 259<br />
Paramys 273<br />
parental provision hypothesis 126<br />
Pariadens 196<br />
Parictis 260<br />
Pascualgnathus 69<br />
Patagonia 208<br />
Patene 203<br />
Patri<strong>of</strong>elis 249<br />
Patriomanis 268<br />
Patronomodon 40, 41, 79<br />
Paucituberculata 192, 204–8<br />
Paucitubulidentata 194<br />
Paulacoutoia 243<br />
Paulch<strong>of</strong>fatia 153, 154<br />
Paurodontidae 166<br />
Pediomyidae 198<br />
Pediomys 197, 198<br />
Pelycosaurs 19–26, 27<br />
feeding mechanism 90, 92<br />
forelimb musculature 102<br />
hindlimb musculature 105<br />
jaw musculature 91<br />
palaeoecology 80–3<br />
phylogeny 20<br />
Peradectes 199, 201<br />
Peramelemorphia 193, 212<br />
Peramus 161, 178<br />
dentition 167, 168<br />
Periptychids 236<br />
Perissodactyla 260–2<br />
cladogram 261<br />
Perrodelphys 206<br />
Petauridae 216<br />
Pezosiren 254, 256<br />
Phalanger 206<br />
Phalangeridae 216<br />
Phanerozoic<br />
stratigraphy chart 10<br />
Phascolotherium 152<br />
Phascolarctidae 216<br />
Phenacodontidae 238, 260<br />
Phenacodus 237, 238<br />
Phenacolophids 260<br />
Pholidota 222, 267–8<br />
Phorusrhacus 218<br />
Phosphatherium 253, 255<br />
Phthinosuchus 29, 30<br />
Phyllophaga 251<br />
Physiological constraints<br />
hypothesis 185–6<br />
Pilgrimella 252<br />
Pilkipildridae 216<br />
Pinnipedia 260<br />
Placentals 1, 169–71, 173<br />
Cretaceous radiation 274–9<br />
Divergent dates 275<br />
Eocene radiation 280–3<br />
fossil record<br />
incompleteness <strong>of</strong> 275<br />
interrelationships 222–226<br />
Miocene radiation 283–4<br />
Molecular phylogeny 224–226<br />
Palaeocene radiation 279–80<br />
Pleistocene radiation 284–90<br />
reproduction 190<br />
Placerias 52<br />
Plagiaulacida 154<br />
Plagiaulacoidea 154<br />
Plagiaulax 153<br />
Plagiomene 272<br />
Platycraniellus 63, 64<br />
Platyrrini 271<br />
Plesiadapiformes 232–4, 269<br />
Plesiadapis 233, 234<br />
Plesiorycteropus 257, 289<br />
Polydolopoids 204, 206<br />
Polydolops 204, 206<br />
Preadaptation<br />
definition 16<br />
Primates 269–72<br />
phylogeny 270<br />
Priscileo 213<br />
Pristerodon 49<br />
Pristinictis 249, 250<br />
Pristerodontoidea 48–51<br />
Pristerognathidae 56, 57<br />
Pristerognathus 55<br />
Pristinictis 247<br />
Proailurus 258, 259<br />
Proargyrolagus 207<br />
Probainognathia 66, 69–70<br />
Probainognathus 70, 78<br />
brain 119<br />
skull 66<br />
Probelesodon 70<br />
Proborhyaena 204<br />
Proboscidea 252, 253, 255-6<br />
Proburnetia 32, 33<br />
Proconsul 272<br />
Procynosuchia 60–2<br />
Procynosuchian grade<br />
feeding mechanism 95, 97<br />
Procynosuchus 60–2, 64, 75<br />
brain 119<br />
feeding mechanism 95, 97<br />
jaw musculature 96<br />
locomotion 110<br />
Prodesmatochoerus 263<br />
Prodinoceros 240, 241<br />
Prokennalestes 169, 170, 228<br />
Prolicaphrium 243<br />
Proliopithecoidea 272<br />
Prorastomus 256<br />
Prosimians 269, 271<br />
Proteopithecus 271<br />
Prostegotherium 250<br />
Prothylacinus 203, 204<br />
Protictis 249<br />
Protoclepsydrops 16<br />
Protorothyridids 16, 18<br />
Protorothyris 17<br />
Protoungulatum 230, 234, 235<br />
Prozostrodon 74<br />
Ptilodontoidea 154, 155<br />
Ptilodus<br />
brain 160<br />
dentition 155–6<br />
locomotion 158<br />
skull 153<br />
Pucadelphys 199, 200, 201, 203<br />
Pucanodus 242<br />
Purgatorius 189, 232–3<br />
Pyrotheria 242, 245<br />
Pyrotherium 243, 244<br />
Radinskya 260, 261<br />
Radiocarbon dating 7<br />
Radiometric dating 7, 9<br />
Ragnarok 236<br />
Ravenictis 247, 250<br />
Regisaurid 56<br />
Regisaurus 57<br />
Reigitherium 147<br />
Reiszia 29<br />
Repenomamus 152<br />
INDEX 329