ARCHITECTURE

mixed-income developments, see Maya Dumasova, “The Problem with Mixed-Income
Housing,” Jacobin, May 21, 2014.
26. “Inclusionary Housing Program,” City and County of San Francisco, Mayor’s Office of
Housing & Community Development, accessed June 29, 2015, http://sf-moh.org/index.
aspx?page=263; “Inclusionary Development Design Guidelines,” Boston Redevelopment
Authority, last updated July 2009, accessed June 29, 2015, http://www.bostonredevelopmentauthority.org/getattachment/8eebf160-301b-41ab-b4e1-9ce6674b1d28.
27. The most controversial of these is the 421a property tax abatement. A political stalemate
in June 2015 at the New York State level pitted the extension of this program against the
extension of the city’s rent regulation and stabilization program. For a summary of the
issues, see Editorial, “New York’s Housing Emergency,” New York Times, June 12, 2015.
28. Oliver Wainwright, “Poor doors are not the worst thing about social housing,” Guardian
Arts and Design Blog, July 30, 2014, http://www.theguardian.com/artanddesign/architecture-design-blog/2014/jul/30/poor-door-social-housing-apartheid.
29. Will Bredderman, “Deputy Mayor: Prevailing Wages Would Cost City 17,000 Affordable
Apartments,” New York Observer, June 1, 2015, accessed August 25, 2015, http://www.
theatlantic.com/magazine/archive/2014/06/the-case-for-reparations/361631/.
30. For current guidelines, see New York City Department of City Planning, “Zoning Tools:
Inclusionary Housing,” accessed July 14, 2015, http://www.nyc.gov/html/dcp/html/zone/
zh_inclu_housing.shtml. For an example of the ambiguity in formulating the regulations
despite inclusionary zoning being mandatory in Boston, see Boston’s “Interior Standards
for Affordable Housing Units”: “The design, quality and materials of the affordable
housing units must be indistinguishable from the market rate units. This does not mean
that the affordable must be identical to the market rate units, but instead the affordable
units must not be noticeably different from the market rate units.” Accessed June 29,
2015, http://www.bostonredevelopmentauthority.org/getattachment/8eebf160-301b-
41ab-b4e1-9ce6674b1d28.
31. Juliette Spertus, “Luxury for All?” Bauwelt (October 2012): 26–29.
32. It is remarkable that the real-estate value and desirability of One Riverside Boulevard
was not created by an architect whose name is well-known. See: Matt Chaban, “Goldstein,
Hill & West: How New York’s Most Anonymous Architects Have Taken Over the
Skyline,” New York Observer, October 16, 2012, accessed August 25, 2015, http://observer.
com/2012/10/goldstein-hill-west-architects-new-york-city-skyline-shapers/.
33. West Sider, “New UWS Development could have separate Entrance for Poorer People,”
West Side Rag, August 12, 2013, accessed July 14, 2015, http://www.westsiderag.
com/2013/08/12/new-uws-development-could-have-separate-entrance-for-poorerpeople.
For examples of international coverage, see Marc Pitzke, “Luxuswohnen in
New York: Arme müssen durch die Hintertüre,” Spiegel Online, October 30, 2014, http://
www.spiegel.de/wirtschaft/poor-doors-new-yorks-luxusimmobilien-mit-tueren-fuerarme-a-998732.html;
or multiple entries on The Guardian’s blog, by Owen Hatherley and
others, comparing New York to the London context.
34. “Upper West Side ‘Poor Door’ Rentals Start At $833/Month,” Curbed, February 18, 2015,
accessed June 9, 2015, http://ny.curbed.com/tags/40-riverside-boulevard.
35. Mireya Navarro, “88,000 Applicants and Counting for 55 Units in ‘Poor Door’ Building,”
New York Times, April 20, 2015, accessed August 25, 2015, http://www.nytimes.
com/2015/04/21/nyregion/poor-door-building-draws-88000-applicants-for-55-rentalunits.html?_r=0.
36. Jana Kasperkic, “New York Bans ‘Poor Doors’ in Win for Low Income Tenants,”
Guardian,” June 29, 2015, accessed July 4, 2015, http://www.theguardian.com/usnews/2015/jun/29/new-york-poor-door-low-income-tenants-rent.
37. See the multiple studies funded by the MacArthur Foundation’s “How Housing Matters”
program that seeks to quantify the benefits of well-located affordable housing: http://
www.macfound.org/programs/how-housing-matters/.
38. The debate between in-kind and cash transfers is well-summarized in Edward Glaeser,
“There Are Worse Things in Housing Policy than Poor Doors,” Discussion 12: “The
Dream Revisited: The Poor Door Debate,” Furman Center, March 31, 2015, http://furmancenter.org/research/iri/glaeser.
39. Rebecca Baird-Remba, “Balancing Cost and Beauty: Architects Talk Affordable
Housing Design,” New York YIMBY, May 1, 2015, accessed June 15, 2015, http://newyorkyimby.com/2015/05/balancing-cost-and-beauty-architects-talk-affordable-housingdesign.html.
40. The conundrum of rallying “better” architecture for low-income housing, intended to be
replicable, then dismissed on the basis of above-average cost, was last displayed in New
York City by Sugar Hill. There and elsewhere the exceptional architect was selected in
part to support the extensive fund-raising efforts, which drafted philanthropic money. For
a more detailed discussion of the role of David Adjaye in this project, see: Susanne Schindler,
“Architecture vs. Housing: The Case of Sugar Hill,” Urban Omnibus, September 3,
2014, http://urbanomnibus.net/2014/09/architecture-vs-housing-the-case-of-sugar-hill/.
41. Reinier de Graaf, “Architecture is now a tool of capital, complicit in a purpose antithetical
to its social mission,” Architectural Review 24 (April 2015), http://www.architectural-review.com/essays/architecture-is-now-a-tool-of-capital-complicit-in-a-purpose-antithetical-to-its-social-mission/8681564.article.
42. See “About Us,” Architects/Designers/Planners for Social Responsibility, accessed June
15, 2015, http://www.adpsr.org/home/about-us.
43. The research on the conflicting mandates on CDCs is extensive. See: Rob Rosenthal and
Maria Foscarinis, “Community Development Corporations: challenges in supporting a
right to housing,” in eds. Rachel G. Bratt, Michael E. Stone, and Chester Hartman, A Right
to Housing: Foundation for a New Social Agenda (Philadelphia: Temple University Press,
2006), 340–359; Justin Steil and James Connolly, “Can the Just City be Built from Below?:
Brownfields, Planning, and Power in the South Bronx,” in Peter Marcuse et al. eds.,
Searching for the Just City: Debates in Urban Theory and Practice (London/New York:
Routledge, 2009): 172–193; James DeFilippis and Susan Saegert, eds. The Community
Development Reader (New York: Routledge, 2012); Tom Angotti, New York for Sale:
Community Planning Confronts Global Real Estate (Cambridge, MA: MIT Press, 2008).
44. For an overview of the legal and organizational challenges and opportunities of CLTs
in the United States today, see the website of The National Community Land Trust
Network, http://cltnetwork.org. For documents on the history and evolution of the
model in the United States, see John Emmaeus Davis, ed., The Community Land Trust
Reader (Cambridge, MA: Lincoln Institute of Land Policy, 2010); for a brief sketch of
the connection to affordable housing, see Oksana Mironova, “The Value of Land: How
Community Land Trusts Maintain Housing Affordability,” Urban Omnibus, April 29, 2014,
http://urbanomnibus.net/2014/04/the-value-of-land-how-community-land-trusts-maintain-housing-affordability/.
84 85