Behavioral Science
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CHAPTER 22<br />
Psychopharmacology<br />
What is the only property of<br />
benzodiazepines to which<br />
tolerance does not develop?<br />
Which benzodiazepines are considered<br />
anxiolytics?<br />
Which benzodiazepines are considered<br />
hypnotics (used to facilitate sleep)?<br />
What drug can be used to reverse<br />
the effects of benzodiazepines?<br />
What is the general mechanism<br />
of action of benzodiazepines?<br />
Is there a danger in taking<br />
benzodiazepines during pregnancy?<br />
Tolerance does not develop to the<br />
antianxiety/anxiolytic effects of benzos;<br />
tolerance may develop to the hypnotic,<br />
muscle relaxant, and anticonvulsant<br />
effects (eg, benzodiazepines should not<br />
be used for long-term seizure control).<br />
Alprazolam<br />
Chlordiazepoxide<br />
Clonazepam<br />
Clorazepate<br />
Diazepam<br />
Lorazepam<br />
Quazepam<br />
Midazolam<br />
Estazolam<br />
Flurazepam<br />
Temazepam<br />
Triazolam<br />
Flumazenil (Romazicon)—though it is<br />
used with caution as it can precipitate<br />
withdrawal seizures<br />
Benzodiazepines target the GABA A<br />
(γ-aminobutyric acid A) chloride channel<br />
receptor, resulting in an increase in the<br />
receptor’s affinity for and causing the<br />
ion channels to open more frequently, thus<br />
allowing more chloride ions to pass<br />
through.<br />
Benzodiazepines can cross the placenta,<br />
and therefore should not be taken<br />
during pregnancy if possible.<br />
They are categories D and X.<br />
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