Behavioral Science
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Psychopharmacology 173<br />
Which pharmacologic treatment is safe<br />
in pregnant bipolar women?<br />
What is the main drawback of using<br />
antipsychotics such as olanzapine<br />
for bipolar maintenance?<br />
Which anticonvulsants are used to<br />
treat bipolar disorder?<br />
What type of therapy is used for major<br />
depressive order that is refractory<br />
to treatment?<br />
In what other psychiatric conditions<br />
can ECT be used as treatment therapy?<br />
When does the maximum response<br />
to ECT usually occur?<br />
What is the biggest side effect of ECT?<br />
How can the amnesia and memory<br />
loss associated with ECT be<br />
minimized?<br />
None. Risk of relapse must be weighed<br />
against the risks of birth defects.<br />
Electroconvulsive therapy is likely the<br />
safest treatment overall in pregnancy.<br />
Side effects, especially weight gain<br />
Carbamazepine<br />
Valproic acid<br />
Lamotrigine<br />
Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT)<br />
Acute mania<br />
Schizophrenia with catatonic symptoms<br />
Depression, particularly with psychotic<br />
symptoms or in pregnancy<br />
Catatonia<br />
After a period of several weeks<br />
over which 5 to 12 treatments are<br />
administered.<br />
Memory loss (Retrograde amnesia),<br />
which may or may not be permanent.<br />
Unilateral electrode placement<br />
Is modern ECT different than<br />
Absolutely. Use of appropriate<br />
20 years ago? anesthesia and modern ECT techniques<br />
has significantly reduced side effects<br />
and complications.<br />
All possibilities considered,<br />
what is the most efficacious<br />
treatment for depression?<br />
ECT