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Behavioral Science

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Psychopharmacology 173<br />

Which pharmacologic treatment is safe<br />

in pregnant bipolar women?<br />

What is the main drawback of using<br />

antipsychotics such as olanzapine<br />

for bipolar maintenance?<br />

Which anticonvulsants are used to<br />

treat bipolar disorder?<br />

What type of therapy is used for major<br />

depressive order that is refractory<br />

to treatment?<br />

In what other psychiatric conditions<br />

can ECT be used as treatment therapy?<br />

When does the maximum response<br />

to ECT usually occur?<br />

What is the biggest side effect of ECT?<br />

How can the amnesia and memory<br />

loss associated with ECT be<br />

minimized?<br />

None. Risk of relapse must be weighed<br />

against the risks of birth defects.<br />

Electroconvulsive therapy is likely the<br />

safest treatment overall in pregnancy.<br />

Side effects, especially weight gain<br />

Carbamazepine<br />

Valproic acid<br />

Lamotrigine<br />

Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT)<br />

Acute mania<br />

Schizophrenia with catatonic symptoms<br />

Depression, particularly with psychotic<br />

symptoms or in pregnancy<br />

Catatonia<br />

After a period of several weeks<br />

over which 5 to 12 treatments are<br />

administered.<br />

Memory loss (Retrograde amnesia),<br />

which may or may not be permanent.<br />

Unilateral electrode placement<br />

Is modern ECT different than<br />

Absolutely. Use of appropriate<br />

20 years ago? anesthesia and modern ECT techniques<br />

has significantly reduced side effects<br />

and complications.<br />

All possibilities considered,<br />

what is the most efficacious<br />

treatment for depression?<br />

ECT

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