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The realm <strong>of</strong> demonic magic was instead <strong>the</strong> one <strong>of</strong> ceremonial magic,<br />
witchcraft, a magic dealing with o<strong>the</strong>r worlds and dimensions <strong>of</strong> existence,<br />
and so much more dangerous for <strong>the</strong> Church, who wanted to keep an'<br />
exclusive grasp on <strong>the</strong> extra-mundane <strong>the</strong>ology. This diatribe has anyway .<br />
been exposed in detail elsewhere52; what is <strong>of</strong> interest for us is that under ·<br />
<strong>the</strong> label <strong>of</strong> " Natural " or " Spiritual " magic many practicioner <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> occult .<br />
arts where hiding <strong>the</strong>ir unhortodox experiments. Tri<strong>the</strong>mius himself - and .<br />
o<strong>the</strong>rs - were public ally throwing scorn on " black magic " , only to dive<br />
deep into demonic magic experiments in <strong>the</strong> safety <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong>ir laboratories.<br />
One <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> most interesting and underestimated figure <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Italian .<br />
Renaissance was <strong>the</strong> Italian philosopher and magician Giovanni Pico della<br />
Mirandola (1463-1494). The main non-Jewish figure to have studied and<br />
introduced <strong>the</strong> Qabalah into <strong>the</strong> western culture, he syn<strong>the</strong>sized <strong>the</strong> '<br />
Qabalistic and <strong>the</strong> Medieval Hermeticism into a complete system <strong>of</strong> .<br />
practical magic very close to <strong>the</strong> ones that more than 400 years later would :<br />
have dawned on <strong>the</strong> Western Occultism.<br />
Since childhood an unquiet and passionate student, he always looked forth<br />
for a foundation <strong>of</strong> knowledge able to trascend <strong>the</strong> simple dogmas <strong>of</strong><br />
Christianity; he became fond <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> philosphical and esoteric sciences and,<br />
despite his young age, mastered <strong>the</strong> Hebrew language as no o<strong>the</strong>r<br />
contemporary scholar, learning Chaldean and Arabian as well. In a first<br />
moment he saw <strong>the</strong> Jewish mysticism as something that could help him<br />
gain new insights into <strong>the</strong> mysteries <strong>of</strong> Christianism; <strong>the</strong>refore he<br />
approached with enthusiasm <strong>the</strong> study <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> more <strong>the</strong>oretical foundations<br />
<strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Qabalah, to accomplish his life-long project: a complete syn<strong>the</strong>is <strong>of</strong> j<br />
human knowledge and arts.<br />
I I<br />
His main insights came with <strong>the</strong> discovery <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> works <strong>of</strong> Abraham Abu'l- l<br />
'Afiya, a Spanish Jew <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> thirteenth century that followed <strong>the</strong> Spanish i<br />
branch <strong>of</strong> Qabalism known as " Shemot " or " <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Names " , <strong>the</strong> practical :<br />
part <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Qabalah. Abu'l-' Afiya developed meditation techniques linked<br />
to <strong>the</strong> different associations <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Hebrew alphabet, whose aim was, on a<br />
side, <strong>the</strong> mystical and gnostic knowledge <strong>of</strong> God, and - on a less orthodox<br />
side -, it was meant to use <strong>the</strong> words <strong>of</strong> power <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Hebrew language to<br />
52 D.P. Walker: Spiritual and Demonic Magic from Ficino to Campanella<br />
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