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harmony with <strong>the</strong> laws <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> universe. There were<br />
similarities between this kind <strong>of</strong> magic and <strong>the</strong> goeteia, but what mad.<br />
was <strong>the</strong> concern with "philosophically correct - and '<br />
harmonious with nature - ra<strong>the</strong>r than just being effective and powerful", u<br />
it was in <strong>the</strong> work <strong>the</strong><br />
Demons<br />
The distinction between and "evil" echoed far into <strong>the</strong><br />
medieval philosophy and <strong>of</strong> occult arts. With <strong>the</strong> rise <strong>of</strong> Christianity<br />
and <strong>the</strong> growth <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Church, all pagan spirits <strong>of</strong> old religions became<br />
VICIOUS and <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Devil, striving to bring man'lI<br />
soul to damnation and to eternal tortures in Hell. However, ancient<br />
"demons" were not <strong>the</strong> malevolent <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> medieval Christian lore • .<br />
The word "demon" has an ancient origin and derives from <strong>the</strong> Greek<br />
daimon, a which embodied <strong>the</strong> concept <strong>of</strong> a higher consciousness. A<br />
.<br />
daimon was a kind <strong>of</strong> a demigod or <strong>of</strong> good or evil<br />
which could be attached to an individual by means <strong>of</strong> magical techniques.<br />
Through this, a person could merge with <strong>the</strong> essence <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> daim6n and<br />
assume its powers. In Hermetic magic this was daimonion<br />
and was as an between <strong>the</strong> In<br />
ancient Greece it was believed that a daimon can be ei<strong>the</strong>r and helpful<br />
(<strong>the</strong> agathodaimOn) or vicious and evil (<strong>the</strong> kakodaim6n). These good daim{)ns<br />
later came to be identified with (angelos messengers <strong>of</strong> gods).<br />
more <strong>of</strong>ten daim{)ns were mentioned in a neutral sense, as good nor<br />
evil. were independent, relatively immortal and powerful entities,<br />
sometimes even viewed as A Roman <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> daim6n<br />
was <strong>the</strong> genius, a familiar spirit inherited along genetic lines in <strong>the</strong> family.<br />
One <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> most important works <strong>of</strong> was to absorb<br />
and unite with <strong>the</strong> personal daiman. Through this unity, a magician could<br />
become "a son <strong>of</strong> a god" and exert his will over <strong>the</strong> whole universe.63<br />
The medieval view on <strong>the</strong> concept <strong>of</strong> a "demon", largely influenced by<br />
Christian was that <strong>of</strong> a fallen a who was<br />
by God and exiled from to dwell in infernal for .<br />
eternity. These had opposed God's will, ei<strong>the</strong>r by <strong>the</strong> primary sin <strong>of</strong> 1<br />
62 Daniel Ogden: Greek and Roman Necromancy<br />
63 Edred Flowers: Hermetic Magic<br />
,<br />
j 1