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166 Deploying <strong>and</strong> Managing IP <strong>over</strong> WDM Networks<br />

chosen as the intermediate language between them. The gateway consists <strong>of</strong> two<br />

parts, a Netrac part adapting the Netrac internal format to XML <strong>and</strong> a DSC<br />

part, which converts CORBA IDL messages to XML messages. The gateway<br />

supports all CORBA concepts like return values, in/out parameters, exceptions,<br />

<strong>and</strong> notifications. In the way it is implemented, the Netrac part plus the gateway<br />

can be seen as a normal DSC component. Seen from the Netrac point <strong>of</strong> view,<br />

there is only one platform with a connection to the outside world.<br />

9.3 Operating Systems<br />

Operating systems provide a s<strong>of</strong>tware platform on top <strong>of</strong> which other programs,<br />

called application programs, can run. Operating systems perform basic tasks.<br />

For large systems, the operating system makes sure that different programs <strong>and</strong><br />

users running at the same time do not interfere with each other. It is also responsible<br />

for security, ensuring that unauthorized users do not access the system.<br />

Therefore, the choice <strong>of</strong> the operating system determines to a great extent the<br />

applications that can be run.<br />

9.3.1 UNIX<br />

UNIX is an operating system that was created in the late 1960s in an effort to<br />

provide a multiuser, multitasking system. The philosophy behind the design <strong>of</strong><br />

UNIX was to provide simple, yet powerful, utilities that could be assembled<br />

together in a flexible manner to perform a wide variety <strong>of</strong> tasks.<br />

The features that have contributed to UNIX success are:<br />

• Multitasking capability. Several applications or processes can be run at<br />

the same time.<br />

• Multiuser capability. UNIX allows several users to share the use <strong>of</strong> the<br />

computer at the same time <strong>and</strong> with different pr<strong>of</strong>iles.<br />

• Portability. It is programmed in C, the most portable operating system<br />

in history.<br />

• Initially distributed as source code. This allowed many programmers to<br />

contribute to its development.<br />

• Integrated. The UNIX programming environment interconnects thous<strong>and</strong>s<br />

<strong>of</strong> tools in an easy way.<br />

9.3.2 Windows<br />

Windows 2000 Pr<strong>of</strong>essional is the windows operating system for business desktop<br />

<strong>and</strong> laptop systems. It is used to run s<strong>of</strong>tware applications, connect to the

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