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8 Deploying and Managing IP over WDM Networks Today’s networks are following an evolutionary path towards the optical transport network (OTN). This type of network can be understood as organized in four layers: the dense wavelength division multiplexing (DWDM) WAN, the DWDM metropolitan network, the access DWDM network, and the distribution/customer premises network. On the other hand, the Internet community is also proposing solutions that are sometimes different from the telecommunication carriers approaches. In this respect, it is worth mentioning two initiatives, namely Internet 2 (I2) and the so-called “next generation” Internet. These two initiatives are working towards the development and deployment of advanced network applications and technologies, accelerating the creation of tomorrow’s Internet. The objective of this chapter is to highlight the requirements set by the most common applications in the IP-oriented telecommunication market as well as the trends of the underlying transport technologies. Hence, the structure of this chapter is the following: the next section is an introduction to IP-based services focusing mainly on VPNs, voice over IP (VoIP), and multimedia over IP (MoIP) services. Special attention is devoted to the specifications in the service level agreements (SLAs) of these types of services. The next section is an overview of the current transport networks that serves as a preamble to the following one, which is devoted to analyzing the most important trends in network architectures. Here we have selected the optical transport networks, the I2, and the next generation Internet initiatives. Finally, the last section is a survey of the network management systems from a technical and a financial perspective. 2.2 Requirements of IP-Based Services This section is intended to provide an overview of the most relevant services provided by present and near future IP networks. Understanding the services offered is fundamental in order to identify appropriate requirements for the network architectures. We have selected for this purpose VPNs, VoIP, and MoIP. These are different services that impose different requirements on the network. Most of these requirements are expressed in terms of quality of service (QoS). Talking about QoS means dealing with how it is specified, provisioned, and assured. The specification of QoS entails giving values to system-intrinsic parameters like delay, jitter, and losses, as well as to operational parameters like time to repair and time to restore service. Different services occupy different positions in QoS planes specified by pairs of those parameters. The values taken by all of these parameters are derived from the conditions specified in the contract agreed between the customer and the service provider. This contract is called the SLA.
2.2.1 VPNs Network and Service Evolution Scenarios 9 A VPN is a communication environment where access privileges are restricted to permit peer communications only within defined community of interest. VPN products and services provide the opportunity for network service providers to secure and expand their customer base in an increasingly competitive telecommunication market. Through the VPN, the corporation can provide, but not be limited to, the following services: packet telephony services, multimedia applications (e.g., video telephony, video conferencing, and interactive learning), database access, Internet and Web access, electronic messaging, inventory management, customer service, collaboration, publishing, and electronic commerce. A number of technologies must be integrated to provide “true” VPN solutions. They range from simple dial up to leased line for access, encryption, directory integration, and system-management techniques. The goal of a network service provider is to have a unique set of technologies integrated to offer VPN services, meeting in this way the current corporation and enterprise connectivity requirements. Figure 2.1 is a summary of these technologies grouped into the different sites involved in the VPN service. We should note that the tremendous increase of the data traffic has significant impact to the size of VPNs in terms of bandwidth. This factor, together with the need for a simplified provisioning of VPNs and the support of ondemand bandwidth request, force network and service providers as well as manufacturers towards new solutions and approaches. Optical VPN and related services is one of them. It is expected in the near future that optical VPN services will be an important optical network service. A connection between a pair of customer ports forms the basic unit of the optical VPN services. In general, optical VPN services have some similarities with the traditional VPN services with respect to the VPN construct. Dial access ISDN xDSL Tunneling Authentication Verification Encryption Directory services (LDAP, X500) Transmission Multicasting QoS Multimedia Remote user System access Core network services Figure 2.1 Technologies involved in offering VPN service. System management Reporting SLAs End user billing Volume discounts Help desk “Push” technologies Virtual routing Value-added services
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Management of the WDM Network Layer
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• Lightpaths that may be protecte
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• Wavelength continuity. Two conn
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4.4.4 Management Interfaces Managem
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5 IP Over WDM Integration Mechanism
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STM1/ATM interface requirements. Fo
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IP router OLA The version of IP ove
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Gigabit Ethernet interface GbE prov
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the IETF extended the MPLambdaS fra
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ASON/ASTN. ITU-T will try to push t
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The proposed management solution is
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IP Over WDM Integration Mechanisms
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8 Management System Design and Impl
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Management System Design and Implem
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checking is done at the very beginn
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11 Evaluation of IP over WDM Manage
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Evaluation of IP over WDM Managemen
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system will still perform without i
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11.5.3.1 General Remarks The manage
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12 Integration of IP over WDM: The
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domains with different management t
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Integration of IP over WDM: The LIO
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ClientCTP Integration of IP over WD
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AstnTrail AstnTTP NL resource Integ
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12.4.1.1 TILAB Equipment Integratio
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At least two other possible solutio
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13 Future Developments and Challeng
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Future Developments and Challenges
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About the Editors Joan Serrat recei
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