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70 Deploying and Managing IP over WDM Networks into an existing SP network, certification of the network elements may be necessary. TMF is working in this direction by launching programs and catalyst projects to capture the needs of network operators and service providers willing to enable the “technology integration” and the end-to-end “process automation” of telecommunications and data services operations. In this context, TMF has adopted and started specifying transport-technology-independent common management interfaces from the EML towards the NML and from the NML towards the SML, sometimes called the open CORBA interfaces. The outcome of these efforts was a series of documents providing, among others, the MTNM interface [2] and the connection and service information model (CaSMIM) specifications. The documents provided have a specific methodology, first stating the problem, analyzing the requirements and the use cases of the proposed solution (business agreement), then specifying the protocol neutral (information agreement) and protocol specific (solution set) information models, and finally implementing the solution sets (interface implementation specification) with the catalyst projects. There are several transport technologies under consideration with the focus of attention given to WDM, as it will soon be dominant in transport networks. 4.5 Summary The WDM network is constituted by network elements like optical multiplexers, optical switches, and wavelength converters, which in turn are the constituting devices of the optical cross connects. The setup, monitoring, and maintenance of these devices will be the main scope of network-element management systems. On the other hand, the WDM network follows a model that is divided into three layers, the OCh, the OMS, and the OTS. Each of these layers will provide functionality to allow operation and management, and therefore these three entities will be under the scope of the NMSs. On the other hand, configuration, fault, and performance management are the functionality covered in this type of network. Configuration management facilitates the set up and tear down of optical channels as well as the network inventory management. Optical channels are established according to routing algorithms that can be static or dynamic depending whether the same wavelength must be used between the optical channel end points. Currently, there is no standardized RWA algorithm for determining the route and the wavelength for the network connectivity requests. Owing to the high capacity of links in WDM networks, the existence of a flexible and efficient protection/restoration mechanism is the primary aim in the
Management of the WDM Network Layer 71 area of fault management. In the case of link protection, the backup path is disjointed from the working path at the particular link where protection is required. Also, with regard to network connection protection, the protection path is disjointed from the protected one. Performance management is based on the monitoring of relevant optical carriers characteristics, such as the total number of carriers, the total optical power, and for each carrier the power-tonoise ratio, the center wavelength drift, spurious emissions, and the optical signal quality itself (e.g., dispersion or crosstalk). As far as management interfaces is concerned, TL1, SNMP, and CMIP are the most common ones at the network element level, whereas Telcordia’s OSMINE and the TMF MTNM are the most representative at the interface between network management systems and network-element management systems. References [1] Communications Industry Researchers (CIR), “RBOC, Optics and OSMINE: The Latest Thinking,” Vol. 1, No. 21, 2001. [2] TeleManagement Forum, TMF513, “Multi-Technology Network Management Business Agreement,” Vol. 2.1, September 2002. [3] Communications Industry Researchers (CIR), “Optical Networking Watch,” Vol. 2, No. 21, Issue 44, 2002. [4] ITU-T Recommendation G.872, “Architecture of Optical Transport Networks,” November 2001. [5] ITU-T Recommendation G.805, “Generic Functional Architecture of Transport Networks,” March 2000. [6] Wei, J. Y., et al., “Network Control and Management of Reconfigurable WDM All- Optical Network,” Network Operations and Management Symposium, NOMS 98, IEEE, Vol. 3, 1998, pp. 880–889. [7] Wei, J. Y., “Advances in the Management and Control of Optical Internet,” IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications, Vol. 20, No. 4, May 2002, pp. 768–785. [8] Zang, H., J. P. Jue, and B. Mukherjee, “A Review of Routing and Wavelength Assignment Approaches for Wavelength-Routed Optical WDM Networks,” Optical Networks Magazine, Vol. 1, No. 1, January 2000, pp. 47–60. [9] Lee, T., and K. Lee, “Optimal Routing and Wavelength Assignment in WDM Ring Networks,” IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications, Vol. 18, No. 10, 2000, pp. 2146–2154. [10] Huang H., and J. A. Copeland, “Hybrid Wavelength and Sub-Wavelength Routed Optical Networks,” Proc. IEEE Globecom, Vol. 4, 2001, pp. 2119–2123.
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Contents Foreword xv Preface xix Ac
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Contents vii 4.2 The WDM Network El
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Contents ix 8 Management System Des
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Contents xi 10.3 The WINMAN Testbed
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Contents xiii 13.4.1 Adoption of Op
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xvi Deploying and Managing IP over
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Preface The integration of the Inte
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Coauthors of the IST-OPTIMIST proje
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1 Introduction 1.1 The Importance o
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communications. These legacy networ
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Within these programs, consortia of
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8 Deploying and Managing IP over WD
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10 Deploying and Managing IP over W
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8 Management System Design and Impl
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Management System Design and Implem
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checking is done at the very beginn
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8.4.1 The Inventory Model The inven
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11 Evaluation of IP over WDM Manage
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Evaluation of IP over WDM Managemen
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system will still perform without i
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11.5.3.1 General Remarks The manage
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12 Integration of IP over WDM: The
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domains with different management t
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Integration of IP over WDM: The LIO
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ClientCTP Integration of IP over WD
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AstnTrail AstnTTP NL resource Integ
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12.4.1.1 TILAB Equipment Integratio
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At least two other possible solutio
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13 Future Developments and Challeng
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Future Developments and Challenges
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About the Editors Joan Serrat recei
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