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Brian P. Jacob, David C. Chen, Bruce Ramshaw, Shirin Towfigh (eds.) - The SAGES Manual of Groin Pain-Springer International Publishing (2016)

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12. Chronic Pelvic <strong>Pain</strong> in Women<br />

169<br />

cent-organ injury and ORS. Ovarian remnants should be<br />

removed with careful opening <strong>of</strong> avascular spaces and identification<br />

<strong>of</strong> retroperitoneal structures.<br />

• Though not a cure for all components <strong>of</strong> a woman’s CPP, and in<br />

some cases a causative agent <strong>of</strong> pain, hysterectomy can be an<br />

effective treatment. A comprehensive evaluation must first be<br />

conducted prior to considering hysterectomy.<br />

References<br />

1. ACOG Committee on Practice Bulletins—Gynecology. ACOG practice bulletin no.<br />

51. Chronic pelvic pain. Obstet Gynecol. 2004;103(3):589–605.<br />

2. Howard FM. Chronic pelvic pain. Obstet Gynecol. 2003;101(3):594–611.<br />

3. Latthe P, Latthe M, Say L, Gülmezoglu M, Khan KS. WHO systematic review <strong>of</strong><br />

prevalence <strong>of</strong> chronic pelvic pain: a neglected reproductive health morbidity. BMC<br />

Public Health. 2006;6:177.<br />

4. Howard FM. <strong>The</strong> role <strong>of</strong> laparoscopy in chronic pelvic pain: promise and pitfalls.<br />

Obstet Gynecol Surv. 1993;48(6):357–87.<br />

5. Farquhar CM, Steiner CA. Hysterectomy rates in the United States 1990–1997. Obstet<br />

Gynecol. 2002;99(2):229–34.<br />

6. Fenton BW, Brobeck L, Witten E, Von Gruenigen V. Chronic pelvic pain syndromerelated<br />

diagnoses in an outpatient <strong>of</strong>fice setting. Gynecol Obstet Invest. 2012;74(1):<br />

64–7.<br />

7. Warren JW, Morozov V, Howard FM. Could chronic pelvic pain be a functional<br />

somatic syndrome? Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2011;205(3):199.e1–5.<br />

8. Giudice LC. Clinical practice. Endometriosis. N Engl J Med. 2010;362(25):<br />

2389–98.<br />

9. Sampson JA. Peritoneal endometriosis due to the menstrual dissemination <strong>of</strong> endometrial<br />

tissue into the peritoneal cavity. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 1927;14:411–69.<br />

10. Young VJ, Brown JK, Saunders PT, Home AW. <strong>The</strong> role <strong>of</strong> the peritoneum in the<br />

pathogenesis <strong>of</strong> endometriosis. Hum Reprod Update. 2013;19(5):558–69.<br />

11. Abrao MS, Gonçalves MO, Dias Jr JA, Podgaec S, Chamie LP, Blasbalg R. Comparison<br />

between clinical examination, transvaginal sonography and magnetic resonance imaging<br />

for the diagnosis <strong>of</strong> deep endometriosis. Hum Reprod. 2007;22(12):3092–7.<br />

12. Davis L, Kennedy SS, Moore J, Prentice A. Modern combined oral contraceptives for<br />

pain associated with endometriosis. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2007;18(3):<br />

CD001019.<br />

13. Guzick DS, Huang LS, Broadman BA, Nealon M, Hornstein MD. Randomized trial<br />

<strong>of</strong> leuprolide versus continuous oral contraceptives in the treatment <strong>of</strong> endometriosisassociated<br />

pelvic pain. Fertil Steril. 2011;95(5):1568–73.<br />

14. Fedele L, Bianchi S, Zanconato G, Portuese A, Raffaelli R. Use <strong>of</strong> a levonorgestrelreleasing<br />

intrauterine device in the treatment <strong>of</strong> rectovaginal endometriosis. Fertil<br />

Steril. 2001;75(3):485–8.

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