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Brian P. Jacob, David C. Chen, Bruce Ramshaw, Shirin Towfigh (eds.) - The SAGES Manual of Groin Pain-Springer International Publishing (2016)

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316<br />

L.A. Cunningham and B. <strong>Ramshaw</strong><br />

preperitoneal space. For previous laparoscopic repairs and for those<br />

open repairs that result in mesh placement in the preperitoneal space,<br />

this may be all that is required to achieve maximal improvement from an<br />

operation. For most open inguinal hernia repair techniques, an additional<br />

open groin incision may be necessary to achieve maximal improvement<br />

from an operation. Removal <strong>of</strong> all foreign body materials and division<br />

and/or lysis <strong>of</strong> all involved nerves with a three-layer groin closure using<br />

absorbable suture can be accomplished through the open groin incision.<br />

Even when the original cause <strong>of</strong> the pain has been successfully eliminated<br />

at operation, complete pain relief may not be achieved and additional<br />

pain management may be required. Because <strong>of</strong> the complexity <strong>of</strong><br />

this problem and the psychological and emotional impact that can occur,<br />

this problem is best addressed by a multidisciplinary team.<br />

References<br />

1. Bay-Nielsen M, Perkins FM, Kehlet H. <strong>Pain</strong> and functional impairment 1 year after<br />

inguinal herniorrhaphy: a nationwide questionnaire study. Ann Surg. 2001;233(1):1–7.<br />

2. Zendejas B, Ramirez T, Jones T, Kuchena A, Ali SM, Hernandez- Irizarry R, et al.<br />

Incidence <strong>of</strong> inguinal hernia repairs in Olmsted County, MN: a population-based study.<br />

Ann Surg. 2013;257(3):520–6.<br />

3. Rosenquist RW, Vrooman BM. Chronic pain management. In: Butterworth JF, Mackey<br />

DC, Wasnick JD, editors. Morgan and Mikhail’s clinical anesthesiology. 5th ed.<br />

New York: McGraw- Hill; 2013. p. 1023–86.<br />

4. Aasvang EK, Gmaehle E, Hansen JB, Gmaehle B, Forman JL, Schwarz J, et al. Predictive<br />

risk factors for persistent postherniotomy pain. Anesthesiology. 2010;112(4):957–69.<br />

5. Miserez M, Peeters E, Aufenacker T, Bouillot JL, Campanelli G, Conze J, et al. Update<br />

with level 1 studies <strong>of</strong> the European hernia society guidelines on the treatment <strong>of</strong> inguinal<br />

hernia in adult patients. Hernia. 2014;18(2):151–63.<br />

6. Bignell M, Partridge G, Mahon D, Rhodes M. Prospective randomized trial <strong>of</strong> laparoscopic<br />

(transabdominal preperitoneal- TAPP) versus open (mesh) repair for bilateral and<br />

recurrent inguinal hernia: incidence <strong>of</strong> chronic groin pain and impact on quality <strong>of</strong> life:<br />

results <strong>of</strong> 10 year follow-up. Hernia. 2012;16(6):635–40.<br />

7. Alfieri S, Rotondi F, Di Giorgio A, Fumagalli U, Salzano A, Di Miceli D. Influence <strong>of</strong><br />

preservation versus division <strong>of</strong> ilioinguinal, iliohypogastric and genital nerves during<br />

open mesh herniorrhaphy: prospective multicentric study <strong>of</strong> chronic pain. Ann Surg.<br />

2006;243(4):553–8.

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