12th Congress of the European Hematology ... - Haematologica
12th Congress of the European Hematology ... - Haematologica
12th Congress of the European Hematology ... - Haematologica
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usage (2/20 ie 10%) were observed. No difference in outcome and overall<br />
survival was found between both groups. In conclusion, this study<br />
allowed to confirm <strong>the</strong> existence <strong>of</strong> CD5 positive SMZL, closely related<br />
to classical CD5 negative SMZL and distinct from CLL and MCL. The<br />
differences observed with CD5 negative cases, in particular cytogenetical<br />
abnormalities and usage <strong>of</strong> IgVH gene, suggest that this entity may<br />
arise from a distinct cell in <strong>the</strong> marginal compartment, Obviously fur<strong>the</strong>r<br />
studies <strong>of</strong> more cases are required to confirm and precise <strong>the</strong>se data.<br />
0289<br />
ABERRANT METHYLATION OF SHP-1 (SH2-CONTAINING PHOSPHATASE 1) AND SOCS-1<br />
(SUPPRESSOR OF CYTOKINE SIGNALLING 1) GENES IN IMMUNODEFICIENCY-RELATED<br />
LYMPHOMAS<br />
M. Cerri, 1 C. Deambrogi, 1 D. Rossi, 1 M. Lunghi, 1 P. Zigrossi, 1 V. Spina, 1<br />
L. De Paoli, 1 P. Riccomagno, 1 A. Gloghini, 2 M. Lucioni, 3 D. Capello, 1<br />
M. Paulli, 3 A. Carbone, 4 G. Gaidano1 1 University <strong>of</strong> Eastern Piedmont, NOVARA; 2 Division <strong>of</strong> Pathology CRO,<br />
AVIANO; 3 Division <strong>of</strong> Pathology IRCSS San Matteo, PAVIA; 4 Division <strong>of</strong><br />
Patholohy, Nat.Cancer Inst., MILAN, Italy<br />
Background. SHP-1 and SOCS-1 are members <strong>of</strong> a family <strong>of</strong> negative<br />
regulators <strong>of</strong> signalling that act downstream <strong>of</strong> cytokine receptors, receptor<br />
tyrosine kinases and receptor complexes <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> immune and<br />
hematopoietic system. SHP-1 and SOCS-1 act through <strong>the</strong> inhibition <strong>of</strong><br />
<strong>the</strong> JAK2/STAT pathway and <strong>the</strong>ir inactivation is considered to be a relevant<br />
mechanism in JAK2/STAT pathway induction. Several observations<br />
point to induction <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> JAK/STAT pathway as an important<br />
mechanism <strong>of</strong> lymphomagenesis. Aims. Since DNA methylation and<br />
DNA somatic mutation are mechanisms <strong>of</strong> gene silencing and gene inactivation<br />
involved in <strong>the</strong> pathogenesis <strong>of</strong> human cancers, including lymphoma,<br />
here we tested <strong>the</strong> involvement <strong>of</strong> SHP-1 and SOCS-1 methylation<br />
and <strong>of</strong> SOCS-1 mutation in immunodeficiency-related lymphoma.<br />
Methods. Tumor samples from 48 HIV-related non-Hodgkin lymphoma<br />
(HIV-NHL) and 25 post-transplant lymphoproliferative disorders (PTLD)<br />
were analyzed for SHP-1 and SOCS-1 methylation by methylation-specific<br />
polymerase chain reaction and for SOCS-1 mutation status by DNA<br />
direct sequencing. The tumor panel included 21 HIV-diffuse large B cell<br />
lymphoma (HIV-DLBCL), 17 HIV-Burkitt lymphoma (HIV-BL), 10 HIVprimary<br />
effusion lymphoma (HIV-PEL), 10 PTLD-immunoblastic (PTLD-<br />
IB), 7 PTLD-centroblastic (PTLD-CB), 4 polymorphic PTLD (P-PTLD), 3<br />
PTLD-BL, and 1 PTLD multiple myeloma (MM). Results. Among HIV-<br />
NHL, SHP-1 methylation occurred in 23/48 (48%) cases, including 12/21<br />
(57%) HIV-DLBCL, 3/17 (17.6%) HIV-BL, and 8/10 (80%) HIV-PEL.<br />
SOCS-1 methylation occurred in 7/48 (14.6%) HIV-NHL, including 5/10<br />
(50%) HIV-PEL and 2/21 (9.5%) HIV-DLBCL. When considering EBV<br />
status, SHP-1 was methylated in 10/11 (91%) EBV-negative HIV-NHL<br />
and in 12/22 (54%) EBV-positive HIV-NHL. Among PTLD, SHP-1 methylation<br />
was detected in 19/25 (76%) cases, including 7/10 (70%) PTLD-<br />
IB, 6/7 (86%) PTLD-CB, 3/4 (75%) P-PTLD, 2/3 (66%) PTLD-BL and 1<br />
PTLD MM. SOCS-1 methylation was detected in 3/25 (12%) PTLD,<br />
including 2/10 (20%) PTLD-IB and 1/7 (14.3%) PTLD-CB. When considering<br />
EBV status, SHP-1 was methylated in 12/13 (92%) EBV-negative<br />
PTLD and in 6/11 (54%) EBV-positive PTLD. Missense mutations <strong>of</strong><br />
SOCS-1 were detected in 1/15 HIV-DLBCL tested and in 1/25 PTLD.<br />
Conclusions. The implications <strong>of</strong> our data are threefold. First, SHP-1<br />
methylation is involved in <strong>the</strong> majority <strong>of</strong> HIV-NHL and PTLD. Second,<br />
it is remarkable that virtually all EBV-negative HIV-NHL and EBV-negative<br />
PTLD carry SHP-1 methylation. In EBV-positive B-cells, EBV infection<br />
activates <strong>the</strong> STAT pathway. It is conceivable that, in EBV-negative<br />
HIV-NHL and in EBV-negative PTLD, SHP-1 inactivation through aberrant<br />
methylation may surrogate EBV infection for STAT activation.<br />
Third, similar to observations in NHL <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> immunocompetent host,<br />
SOCS-1 methylation and mutation is rarely implicated in <strong>the</strong> pathogenesis<br />
<strong>of</strong> immunodeficiency-related NHL. This notion is consistent with<br />
<strong>the</strong> phenotype <strong>of</strong> SOCS1-deficient mice, that die <strong>of</strong> a myeloproliferative<br />
disease but do not develop a lymphoproliferative disease<br />
0290<br />
P53 STABILIZATION BY THE MDM2 INHIBITOR NUTLIN-3A INDUCES P53-DEPENDENT<br />
CELL CYCLE ARREST AND APOPTOSIS IN ANAPLASTIC LARGE CELL LYMPHOMA<br />
G. Rassidakis, V. Atsaves, E. Drakos, G. Georgakis, L.J. Medeiros,<br />
M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, HOUSTON, USA<br />
Background. Mutations <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> p53 tumor suppressor gene is <strong>the</strong> most<br />
frequent genetic alteration in human cancer. However, p53 mutation<br />
rate is relatively low in most haematologic malignancies including non-<br />
12 th <strong>Congress</strong> <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> <strong>European</strong> <strong>Hematology</strong> Association<br />
Hodgkin lymphomas. Previously we have shown that p53 mutations<br />
are uncommon in anaplastic large cell lymphoma (ALCL), an aggressive<br />
T/null cell lymphoma type, despite <strong>the</strong> variable level <strong>of</strong> expression <strong>of</strong><br />
wild-type p53 protein [Leukemia 2005;19(9):1663]. MDM2 (HDM2 in<br />
humans) is a physiologic negative regulator <strong>of</strong> p53 levels within <strong>the</strong> cell.<br />
We hypo<strong>the</strong>sized that p53 stabilization using a novel Mdm2 inhibitor,<br />
nutlin-3A, would activate p53-dependent apoptotic and cell cycle regulatory<br />
pathways in ALCL cells carrying wild-type and potentially functional<br />
p53 gene. Methods. Two ALCL cell lines, SupM2 and DEL, carrying<br />
wild-type p53 (wt-p53) and 2 ALCL cell lines harboring a mutated<br />
p53 (mt-p53) gene, Karpas 299, and SR-786, were used. All cell lines<br />
were treated with different concentrations <strong>of</strong> nutlin-3A (0, 2.5 , 5, 10<br />
mM). The effects <strong>of</strong> p53 stabilization by nutlin-3A on cell viability and<br />
proliferation <strong>of</strong> ALCL cells were assessed using trypan blue and MTS<br />
assays, respectively, at two time points (24 and 48 hours). Cell cycle and<br />
apoptosis (annexin V binding) analysis was also performed using flow<br />
cytometry. To fur<strong>the</strong>r investigate <strong>the</strong> underlying mechanisms <strong>of</strong> cell<br />
cycle arrest and apoptosis following nutlin-3A treatment, Western blot<br />
analysis was performed. Results. Treatment with increasing concentrations<br />
<strong>of</strong> nutlin-3A resulted in a dose-dependent increase <strong>of</strong> p53 levels,<br />
which was associated with increased levels <strong>of</strong> MDM2 a known transcriptional<br />
target <strong>of</strong> p53 gene. P53 stabilization resulted in a concentration-dependent<br />
decrease in cell viability and total cell number in ALCL<br />
cells carrying wt-p53 (SupM2 and DEL) but not in cells harboring p53<br />
mutations (Karpas 299 and SR-786). At a concentration <strong>of</strong> 10 mM nutlin-3A,<br />
cell viability was dramatically decreased at 48 after treatment in<br />
SupM2 and DEL. Changes in cell viability were largely attributed to<br />
apoptosis, since <strong>the</strong> percentage <strong>of</strong> Annexin V+ cells was increased from<br />
8% to 87% in SUPM2 and from16% to 50% in DEL.. By contrast, no<br />
changes in cell viability or apoptosis were observed in Karpas 299 and<br />
SR-786 cell lines(mt-p53). Apoptosis was associated with cleavage <strong>of</strong><br />
caspase 3 and 9 in immunoblots. Cell cycle analysis revealed that nutlin-3A<br />
treatment in SupM2 and DEL resulted in cell cycle arrest. The Sphase<br />
fraction <strong>of</strong> cell cycle was decreased by approximately 50% at a<br />
concentration <strong>of</strong> 5 mM, 24 hours following treatment. Cell cycle arrest<br />
was associated with a concentration-dependent increase <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> cyclindependent<br />
kinase inhibitor p21, which is trancriptionally regulated by<br />
p53 gene. Conclusions. Selective inhibition <strong>of</strong> Mdm2 by nutlin-3A leads<br />
to non-genotoxic activation <strong>of</strong> p53 pathway and may represent a novel<br />
<strong>the</strong>rapeutic modality in patients with ALCL.<br />
0291<br />
PREVALENCE OF CHLAMYDIA PSITTACI INFECTION IN NODAL AND EXTRANODAL<br />
NON-HODGKIN LYMPHOMAS<br />
J.M. Ferreri, 1 R. Dolcetti, 2 M. Guidoboni, 2 M.G. Cangi, 1 L. Pecciarini, 1<br />
G.P. Dognini, 1 P.P. Ghia, 1 M. Malnati, 1 E. Pasini, 2 C. Doglioni, 1<br />
M. Ponzoni1 1 2 San Raffaele Scientific Institute, MILAN; Centro di Riferimento Oncologico,<br />
AVIANO, Italy<br />
Background. Ocular adnexal lymphomas (OAL) are malignancies with<br />
rapidly increasing incidence rates. Recently, we demonstrated an association<br />
between Chlamydia psittaci (Cp) persistent infection and OAL.<br />
The condition <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> systemic subclinical Cp infection encountered in<br />
many OAL patients provided <strong>the</strong> rationale for searching alternative sites<br />
<strong>of</strong> lymphoma development, an uncovered issue particularly for extranodal<br />
localizations. Methods. 172 non-consecutive cases <strong>of</strong> non-Hodgkin<br />
lymphomas were analyzed. Thirty-one patients with non-specific tonsillitis,<br />
36 with non-specific reactive lymphadenopathies and 7 non-neoplastic<br />
spleens were used as controls (n=74). After central pathology<br />
review, DNA was extracted from formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissue<br />
blocks and amplified by a multiplex touchdown PCR assay, which<br />
simultaneously detects <strong>the</strong> DNA <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> three major Chlamydiae species<br />
(i.e. C. trachomatis, pneumoniae, and psittaci). DNA <strong>of</strong> C. trachomatis<br />
L2, C. pneumoniae TW-183 or C. psittaci ORNI were included as positive<br />
controls. Amplicons encompass part <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> 16S rRNA gene and <strong>the</strong><br />
16S-23S spacer region in <strong>the</strong> ribosomal genes. PCR products were analyzed<br />
by electrophoresis and DNA fragment size was quantified by<br />
image analysis. Samples were considered positive when Chlamydia<br />
DNA was amplified in at least two <strong>of</strong> three independent experiments.<br />
Specificity <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> amplified fragments was confirmed by direct sequencing.<br />
Sequence specificity was assessed by BLAST search. In each sample<br />
negative to PCR, amplification <strong>of</strong> α-globin control gene was carried<br />
out. Prevalence <strong>of</strong> Cp DNA for each lymphoma category was compared<br />
with <strong>the</strong> prevalence in <strong>the</strong> 74 controls. Results. Overall, Chlamydiae DNA<br />
was detected in 20 (12%) cases <strong>of</strong> NHL. Cp turned out to be <strong>the</strong> most<br />
haematologica/<strong>the</strong> hematology journal | 2007; 92(s1) | 105