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the human right to water and sanitation in emergency situations

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18<br />

people’s life, dignity <strong>and</strong> <strong>in</strong>tegrity 13 . When States engage <strong>in</strong> widespread <strong>and</strong> systematic abuse of civilians<br />

<strong>in</strong> areas <strong>the</strong>y control, controversially, R2P envisages military <strong>in</strong>tervention by <strong>the</strong> United Nations (under<br />

Chapter VII of <strong>the</strong> UN Charter).<br />

The responsibilities <strong>to</strong> assist <strong>and</strong> <strong>to</strong> protect are <strong>the</strong>refore both related <strong>to</strong> <strong>in</strong>ternational <strong>human</strong>itarian <strong>and</strong><br />

<strong>human</strong> <strong>right</strong>s st<strong>and</strong>ards – even though <strong>in</strong>ternational law <strong>in</strong> <strong>the</strong>se fields is still evolv<strong>in</strong>g. As a result, it is essential<br />

that <strong>human</strong>itarian staff deal<strong>in</strong>g with <strong>emergency</strong> <strong>situations</strong> should have an adequate underst<strong>and</strong><strong>in</strong>g<br />

of <strong>the</strong>se <strong>human</strong>itarian pr<strong>in</strong>ciples <strong>and</strong> of <strong>the</strong> <strong>right</strong>s of populations <strong>in</strong> emergencies.<br />

5. Rationale of <strong>the</strong> document<br />

This document has been prepared by <strong>the</strong> Global WASH Cluster <strong>and</strong> is above all meant <strong>to</strong> be a comprehensive<br />

advocacy <strong>to</strong>ol that <strong>human</strong>itarian agencies work<strong>in</strong>g <strong>in</strong> <strong>the</strong> <strong>water</strong>, <strong>sanitation</strong> <strong>and</strong> hygiene sec<strong>to</strong>r can<br />

use when provid<strong>in</strong>g assistance dur<strong>in</strong>g <strong>human</strong>itarian emergencies. The document’s ma<strong>in</strong> objective is <strong>to</strong><br />

supply <strong>the</strong>se organizations with sufficient <strong>in</strong>formation on <strong>the</strong> <strong>right</strong> <strong>to</strong> <strong>water</strong> <strong>and</strong> <strong>sanitation</strong> —its legal nature,<br />

scope, normative content, roles <strong>and</strong> responsibilities of different ac<strong>to</strong>rs— <strong>to</strong> enable <strong>the</strong>m <strong>to</strong> build up <strong>right</strong>sbased<br />

advocacy activities at <strong>in</strong>ternational <strong>and</strong> national levels.<br />

Indeed, whilst many <strong>human</strong>itarian agencies have traditionally been more <strong>in</strong>volved <strong>in</strong> provid<strong>in</strong>g technical<br />

assistance at field level, now however, advocacy is tak<strong>in</strong>g on an <strong>in</strong>creas<strong>in</strong>gly important role <strong>in</strong> several of<br />

<strong>the</strong>ir activities. Mak<strong>in</strong>g use of legal <strong>in</strong>struments as a way <strong>to</strong> enforce <strong>the</strong> <strong>right</strong> <strong>to</strong> <strong>water</strong> <strong>and</strong> <strong>sanitation</strong> may<br />

be a relatively new strategy, but it is, none<strong>the</strong>less, becom<strong>in</strong>g ever more widespread, <strong>in</strong> <strong>the</strong> same way as<br />

NGOs are <strong>in</strong>creas<strong>in</strong>gly employ<strong>in</strong>g a legal approach <strong>in</strong> <strong>the</strong>ir advocacy work. This means that it is of <strong>the</strong><br />

utmost importance that all those <strong>in</strong>volved <strong>in</strong> <strong>water</strong>, <strong>sanitation</strong> <strong>and</strong> hygiene advocacy are fully aware of<br />

what <strong>in</strong>ternational <strong>in</strong>struments concern<strong>in</strong>g those <strong>right</strong>s already exist <strong>and</strong> have a thorough underst<strong>and</strong><strong>in</strong>g<br />

<strong>and</strong> knowledge of economic, social <strong>and</strong> cultural <strong>right</strong>s. These offer yet ano<strong>the</strong>r mode of action that can be<br />

added <strong>to</strong> <strong>the</strong> <strong>to</strong>olbox of options that can be deployed when respond<strong>in</strong>g <strong>to</strong> <strong>human</strong>itarian crises.<br />

13 / Ibid.<br />

© ACF - THE HUMAN RIGHT TO WATER AND SANITATION IN EMERGENCY SITUATIONS

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