the human right to water and sanitation in emergency situations

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88 Checking information on water issues - “Accessibility includes the right to seek, receive and impart information concerning water issues” - Are people aware of their legal rights? Are people aware of their own and other’s responsibilities? - Is information concerning water issues available to all? How difficult is it to get hold of this information? Is information available in local languages spoken by the communities? - Do state authorities provide information on water? Do they make sure that private companies provide such information? - Is the tariff system and the negotiation of tariffs transparent? Note that this table highlights the complexity of WASH-related delivery issues. In terms of advocacy, it is important for NGOs to avoid becoming bogged down in minutiae when referring to rights (e.g. for example assessing what level of pricing would constitute, or not, a violation of the right to water) and to remain at an overall analytical level. 14.2.3. Identification of victims Key question: Which population groups are affected by violations of their right to water? The victims of a violation of the right to water and sanitation need to be identified. Special attention must be paid to vulnerable groups and to cross-cutting issues such as gender, IDPs, HIV/AIDS, children, elderly people, the disabled, etc. It is also essential to find out how many people are affected by violations of their rights and where they live which means that this stage will call for good background knowledge and familiarity with methods of evaluating the concept of vulnerability. An attempt will also be made to understand the effects of violations of the right to water on groups identified as “affected”. © ACF - THE HUMAN RIGHT TO WATER AND SANITATION IN EMERGENCY SITUATIONS
Figure 1 - Checklist: The victims Checklist: Identifying the victims - Part 3 - Advocacy on the right to water and sanitation in emergencies Who are the victims? Can patterns of vulnerability be identified? What other rights are affected? What was the impact of the violation at the time the research was carried out? Is the general population affected, or only specific groups? What size are the group(s) affected? Have those affected been deliberately targeted by the authorities? Within the affected group(s), who are most likely to suffer (breakdown by gender, age, health, social status, etc)? In addition to waterrelated factors (hygiene, sanitation), are the affected groups also deprived of the exercise of rights such as freedom of movement, access to livelihoods, etc? What action has been taken to mitigate the impact of the violation? How sustainable is such action? As far as possible, violations of the right to water should be identified through direct contact with the people concerned, either through interviews or via the medium of focus group or large group discussions 124 . The choice will depend upon the context 125 . Moreover, both in theory and in practice, all rights are interdependent and interrelated. As a result, individuals rarely suffer neglect or violation of just one single right. Thus, in most — if not all — emergency situations, if the right to water and sanitation is violated, then so are a number of other rights. For example, people deprived of access to water and sanitation services may also be victims of racial, sexual and other forms of discrimination. Therefore, any analysis of the right to water and sanitation should be correlated to the study of other rights such as, for example, the right to food or the right to an adequate standard of living. 124/ Slim (H.) and Eguren (L. E.) Humanitarian Protection: op.cit. p. 32 125/ Large group discussions generally focus on a description of problems, community services, vulnerable groups and institutional mapping. The objective of focus group discussions may be to make a more in-depth analysis of the problems identified by larger groups, determining underlying causes and exploring solutions to problems that vulnerable groups face. Key informant interviews may be semi-formal interviews held with officials from the local administration, WASH staff, and representatives of local NGOs, etc. They may focus on community services, access issues and institutional mapping. Focus group categories may include women, youth, the elderly or any specific population groups and representatives of development committees and associations. © ACF - THE HUMAN RIGHT TO WATER AND SANITATION IN EMERGENCY SITUATIONS 89
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THE HUMAN RIGHT TO WATER AND SANITA
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ACkNOWlEDGMENTS Acknowledgments The
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Foreword fOREWORD Access to safe dr
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Table of contents 6.7. Responsibili
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lIST Of CASE STUDIES AND CONCRETE E
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IHL International Humanitarian Law
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ExECUTIvE SUMMARY Executive summary
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INTRODUCTION Introduction 1. What c
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Introduction dimension to the reali
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HOW TO MAkE THE bEST USE Of THIS DO
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The human - Part 1 right - Internat
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