the human right to water and sanitation in emergency situations

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68 - Support the capacity of States, both in emergency preparedness and response, to implement national legislation and policies that would permit the right to water to be fulfilled, including through training, technical assistance, programme support and resource mobilization; - Provide legal aid to assist people deprived of their right to water to access legal mechanisms (both national and international) to protect their right. © ACF - THE HUMAN RIGHT TO WATER AND SANITATION IN EMERGENCY SITUATIONS
- Part 2 - Definition of the right to water and sanitation in emergency situations CHApTER 12 - OpERATIONAl GUIDElINES ApplYING IN EMERGENCY SITUATIONS AND THE HUMAN RIGHT TO WATER AND SANITATION This section summarizes the recognition of the right to water and sanitation in existing operational guidelines that are applicable in emergency situations and identifies suggested operational approaches that would promote the respect and implementation of this right in emergencies. 12.1. Key message The Sphere Standards (2004), and the Operational Guidelines on Human Rights and Natural Disasters (IASC, 2006) are guidelines produced by and for humanitarian agencies managing emergency situations, whether natural disasters or armed conflict. Taken together, they represent consensus across a broad spectrum and reflect a continuing determination to ensure that human rights are realized in practice in every kind of emergency. These texts do not focus on the rights of persons as enshrined in international law, but instead concentrate upon what humanitarian actors should do in order to implement a rights-based approach to humanitarian action in the context of an emergency situation. Indeed, whilst States are directly responsible for respecting, protecting and fulfilling the human rights of their citizens and other persons on their territory or within their jurisdiction, actors other than States also have responsibilities and duties when relevant authorities are unable or unwilling to fulfil their obligations. Moreover, values enshrined in human rights, humanitarian law and refugee law underpin all humanitarian action, even if this fact tends all too often to be forgotten. These two guidelines recognize the right to water and sanitation and propose a number of ways to implement it. 12.2. How is the human right to water included in the Sphere Standards? c Readers familiar with the Sphere standards can go directly to the section dedicated to the human right to water and sanitation in the Sphere context (see section 12.2.3). 12.2.1. What is Sphere? The Sphere Project was launched in 1997 by a group of humanitarian NGOs and the Red Cross and Red Crescent Movement and has had important repercussions on the practice of emergency relief in a wide variety of disaster settings. It also contributes to shaping an operational framework for accountability in disaster assistance efforts 94 . This process led to the publication of the Sphere Handbook 95 . This is the framework within which the Humanitarian Charter and the Minimum Standards to Disaster Response are set out in each of four key sectors: water supply and sanitation; food security, nutrition and food aid; shelter, settlement and non food items; and health services. This handbook is an amalgamation of approved 94/ To date, over 400 organizations in 80 countries worldwide have contributed to the development of the Minimum Standards and Key Indicators. 95/ First Sphere Handbook published in 2000, reviewed and re-edited in 2004. © ACF - THE HUMAN RIGHT TO WATER AND SANITATION IN EMERGENCY SITUATIONS 69
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THE HUMAN RIGHT TO WATER AND SANITA
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ACkNOWlEDGMENTS Acknowledgments The
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Foreword fOREWORD Access to safe dr
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Table of contents 6.7. Responsibili
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lIST Of CASE STUDIES AND CONCRETE E
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IHL International Humanitarian Law
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ExECUTIvE SUMMARY Executive summary
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