ets exposure, lung cancer - Legacy Tobacco Documents Library

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. Vo 5 LIING CANCER IN NONSMOKERS - Kabat and k'yndtr 1215 . throughout the patient's lifetime . The histologic type of T .a.c ( . Hiuoloy,c Type of t-uns Cancer .unQ cancer was obtatned from the pathology report or an Nertt Smoken and srnokers the discharge summary for each case Those cases in whom Men women the diagnosts was not pnmary lung cancer or in whom there was an indtcation of smoking . even in the remote (No 1 (41 (No / (4) past . were excluded from the study . Those remaining in NeVcr emoken the study are referred to as "validated" nonsmokers . Kteybera type 1 13 (35 1) 20 (20 .6) A control was matched to each case on the basis of age (=5 years), sex, race (with 5 exceptions#), hospitat, Epidermoid/squamous (Jttc tt{l/ti .ant cell Krsyberf type 11 13 0 20 (35 .(1 (Se .1) 16 4 72 (16 .3) (4 .1) (74 .2) date of interview (±2 yean), and nonsmoking status . Abenoarrinoma 16 (43 .2) 60 161 .9) Controls were selected from a large pool of hospitalized Alvealar 4 (10.E) 12 (12 .4) patients who wera interviewed over the same period as Miaed (Kreybers I /c 11) and undiRcrenuated/ the cases and who had diseases which were not tobacco- anapltutc • (10 i ) S (5 .2) related . The distribution of diagnoses among the controls was as follaws: men, 62 .1% other cancers . 24 .3% benign Tou! 37 97 neoplastic disease, 13 .5% non-neoplastic discase, women, 5mokers' $9 .9% other qncers, 14 .4% benign neoplastic disease, 25 .8% non-neoplastic disease . Krrytxrg t,vpe l KreyberT type 11 Mixed (Kreybers I & 11) 1111 600 (63 1) (31 .9) la 1 219 (52 .31 (42 .6) All subjects were interviewed in the hospital with a sxandardiied questionnaire including questions on de- and undifferentuted/ anaplutic 93 (5 .0) 32 ( 4 .9) moYraphic factors, occupation, occupational exposurea, Total 111 : 652 tobacco smoking, alcohol use . Quetelet's index (ky,/cm' X 10,000), and historti of tobacco-related diseases . Two • A mort detatled bceakdown by htstolo ; c typa n not Presentcd for smokers because this informsuon + .'u not codxd . For the nonsmokers different versions of the questionnaire were used over the 10-year period, the first from 1971 to 1976 . and the second thts information vas tetncved tnanually from 1976 to 1980 . Differences between the two questionna .irrs included a longer list of occupational exposures msponses was smaller for the question "Does your spouse amoke'.'", since this question appearesd in only one version in the later version, and a longer list of previous diseases and since it was not answered by those subjecu who were not married, widowed, separated, or divorced (see Table 3) . Differences between cases and controls were assessed by the chi-squarc test for independence .' and by the Mantel-Haenszel extension test for linear trend .' Point estimates of the relative risk with test-based 95% confidence intervais were calculated following Miettinen's method .' in the earlier questionnaire (diabetes, Sout, bronchitis, emphysema . hypenension, asthma, pleurisy, pneumonia, bronchiectasis, and tuberculosis) than in the later version, which included only four questions on previous diseases (chronic bronchitis or emphysema, asthma, diabete•s, and elevated blood pressure) . Alcohol consumption was assessed in current drinkers and exdrinkers (combined) relative to never-drinkers and oxasional drinkers (combined) . Occasional drinkers were those who consumed Iess than I ounce of whiskey equivalents of alcohol per day ot beer, wine, and hard liquor combined . Alcohol intake was categorized into three levels: (1) never/occasional drinking . (2) 1 to 3 .9 oz/day, and (3) 4+ oz/day . In addition, a number of questions on exposure to passive smoking were introduced in an addendum to the main questionnairc in 1978, and the addendum was rcvised in 1979 . Thus, information on passive smoking was obtained on only a subset of the svbjecu, for men, 25 of 37 ases and their matched controi .s ; for women, 53 of 97 cases and their matched controls . This number of responses was obtained for those questions included in both versions of the addendum, whereas the numbcr of $ otu onenuW male case was matched to a white cYmtrol : two hisa.nic anrM t.vo oaunul femak nses wett matched to whitc controb . http://legacy.library.ucsf.edu/tid/wyk81f00/pdf Results For the 10-year period, 1971 to t980, among 1919 cases of primary lung cancer in men . 37 (1 .9%) occurred in validated nonsmokers . Among 749 lung cancer cases in women, 97 (13 .0%) were vYlidated nonsmokers, This difference in the proportion of nonsmokers in men and women is hiittly statistically sipifiant. X2(1) - 137 .21, P
1216 C.wcfn March 1 1984 vai . 33 TAu.f 2 . Dutnbuuon of IIursround vuiables hold for both KteyberY I and Kreyberg 11 types : the man in Castes tnd Convoli age for Kreybcrg I and Kreyberg 11 lung cancer in men Me n W omen c. ... c.. UIQ4 c..a cow U-CAS was 52 .8 and 53 .6 yars, respertively, while in women Kreyberg I had a mean age of 63 .7, and Knyberg II had a mean of 61 .0 years. (No,) (R) (W-1 W Rro .) (*) (No .) (i6) Age zs9 13 (35) 12 (32) 12 (12) Is (IS) l0-S9 11 (70) (2 (32) 26 (27) 24 (2S) i0 .•69 7 Q2) 10 07) 21 (30) 34 (~s) 70. 6 (14) 3 (l) 30 (31) 24 (25) Teu! 37 37 !7 97 RAfipo n hamani 2 (6) s (I4) 27 (211 34 (36) Cttnol,c 16 (46) 14 /s0) 31 (32) 36 ()1) Jrnsh Is (43) U (31) 3t (40) 24 (27) ou,n 2(u 3 (9) 0 (0) I (u TouJ 33 33 ~6 *b Yr ot .ducation 1-II 3 (14) # ((6 .Z) 31 (392) 29 (299) 12 7 (l6 .2) 11 (297) 23 (271) 31 (341) (3--IS 6 (21 .A) 1 (216) 14 (lS .!) 17 (lS .S) 16+ 20 (u .1) 12 (324) 16 (17 ..7) Is (ls .s) Totil 77 37 97 +7 Qxvp.ua+al auw t•raka,aul 22 (39 .s) 14 (318) i (L2) 11 (1I .3) slulkd 6 (11 .2) 7 (11 .9) 26 (21,U 33 (36J) SrmuJ
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