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NanoSafetyCluster - Compendium 2012 7. Impact European Industry and Society Employment in nanotechnology will grow to reach a predicted 10 million jobs worldwide in 2014. This will account for 11% of the employment in the manufacturing sector. If the population and the occupational structure in the EU remain unchanged, it would mean that almost six million people will be working in Europe’s nanotechnology sector by 2014. As it has been already mentioned, the construction industry is the biggest industrial employer in EU27 (3 million enterprises and 14,9 million people employed). In parallel, the construction industry has one of the worst occupational health and safety records in Europe. In this context, the implementation of SCAFFOLD’s practical and cost effective strategies, methods and tools for reduction of worker exposure to MNMs will produce a very important impact on companies and workers, in terms of OHS improvement. A proper management of MNMs based on the SCAFFOLD approach will preventively contribute to avoiding potential chemical accidents and diseases at work, contributing to reaching the overall objective of the Community Strategy aimed at reducing the total incidence rate of accidents at work per 100 000 workers in the EU 27 by 25%. This preventive approach will produce parallel benefits by reducing non-safety bills both in construction companies and in the whole European industry. The presence of SMEs is a highly relevant issue in the construction industry, representing 99.9% of all enterprises in the sector. In total, there are 13.1 million people employed in SMEs of the construction industry (88%). SMEs are more vulnerable to occupational risks and in particular those companies working in dangerous sectors like construction. SMEs account for 82% of all occupational injuries and about 90% of fatal accidents. In total, SMEs account for around 80% of all occupational diseases caused by chemical agents. In addition, SMEs in the construction industry are generally present through a subcontractor, which represents a relatively high share (45%) compared to other sectors. This picture means that the implementation of the SCAFFOLD framework in SMEs will have a very relevant impact on the European construction industry. To take this significant issue into account, SCAFFOLD will produce a specific approach for SMEs by customizing both the RMM and Toolkit. Subcontracting, identified as an emerging risk in the sector, will be a significant issue with which to be dealt. It will allow the generation of a practical, easyto-use and cost effective framework to properly manage the occupational risks associated to MNMs. A Spanish study shows that a relatively large, and increasing percentage of SME subcontractors (23 %) recognise the obligation to fulfil a safety management standard (e.g. OHSAS 18001) imposed by their clients. Increasing awareness on the part of the contractors about occupational risks of MNMs will bring new requirements for SMEs. The implementation of SCAFFOLD RMM will provide SMEs with a competitive advantage, impacting positively on the sector. Finally, an additional benefit for SMEs integrated in the SCAFFOLD Consortium will be the participation in research programmes. Market Freedonia has recently forecasted that the annual US demand for nanocomposites will more than double by 2011, reaching 130,000 tonnes. By 2025 it is expected that nanocomposites will be a 6.5 billion € market, with volumes approaching 2.2 million tonnes. The authors note that construction will emerge as a significant market. Related sources suggest that 360 million pounds of nano-additives will be required by 2020 at a value of 1.4 billion €, over half of which will be used to purchase CNTs. Regarding nano-oxides, the global market was 166 million Euros in 2006, and is estimated to reach 760 million Euro by 2011. A critical issue regarding the success of any method for MNM production is its cost effectiveness. But a second market requirement is to guarantee safety of the product during the complete life cycle. In this sense, SCAFFOLD results are very promising since they allow the use of reasonably low cost raw materials and, furthermore, this production method results in important increase of product safety and savings in energy and cost. Therefore, it is imperative that the HSE issues (safe product design, safe manufacturing, OHS risk management, compliance with OHS regulations, etc) surrounding these materials and sectors in particular are adequately solved and risk prevention strategies put in place rapidly. SCAFFOLD may play an important role in this sense. Regarding the market of safety management systems, the OSHAS 18001 is the worldwide reference in occupational health and safety management. The number of certified companies has increased dramatically since 2003. In three years (from 2007 to 2009) the number increased by 73% in the world. A recent report shows how the penetration of this standard is higher amongst SMEs; in fact, the study shows that 81% of the companies were SMEs, 52% between 50 and 250 workers and 29% with less than 50 employees. Concerning the construction sector, it is leading the implementation of OHSAS (37%), which shows the commitment of the construction companies, especially SMEs, to the improvement of labour safety in Europe. Certification market for OSHAS 18001 will be twice its current size in two years (in 2012 more than 100.000 companies will be certified).If the tendency continues, 80% of those companies will be SMEs. It is easy, from a very conservative perspective, to estimate that market will be doubled again by 2020, which would easily represent a 2,000 M€ market only for OSHAS 18001. Considering the current evolution of nanoparticles and nanomaterials, and also considering the expected evolution of OHSAS 18001, the creation and commercialization of the RMM model could have a great impact in the market, especially for SMEs. European policies, regulations and standards The Community Strategy on Health and Safety at work for the period of 2007 – 2012 includes nanotechnology as an important topic to be developed in the context of the identification of new and emerging risks. In addition to the previously mentioned Strategy, other specific objectives tangibly impacted by SCAFFOLD will be: 1) the development of new methods to identify and evaluate new potential risks and 2) to support SMEs and the highrisk sectors - like construction - in the implementation of the legislation in force and its adaptation to changes in the workplace. On the other hand, SCAFFOLD will positively contribute to 1) getting some of the objectives defined by the Action Plan for Construction of the Lead Market Initiative (LMI), 2) supporting nanosafety issues of the European policy on nanotechnology, currently in revision, 3) supporting the Innovation Strategy for Europe by introducing innovation in the core of the construction sector, contributing to enhance Europe’s global economic competitiveness in a global market. 268 Compendium of Projects in the European NanoSafety Cluster
SCAFFOLD will contribute positively to European Regulations by providing new information to elaborate better regulations about issues related to safety of MNMs and support compliance with current legislation requirements. The two main topics to be addressed will be: a) Health and Safety at work in the sector and the future strategy for managing the occupational exposure to MNMs in the construction industry –SCAFFOLD deploys a specific task to build a proposal in this field – and b) the Safety of products (PPEs, construction products). Standardisation is a highly relevant issue in this sector. In the European Committee for Standardisation (CEN), the construction sector covers around 3,000 work items on product standards and test methods. Of these, about 500 standards will be harmonised under the Construction Products Directive (89/106/EEC). Prestandardization activities of the SCAFFOLD project will positively contribute to developing European standards that aim to reduce potential barriers that might cause an increase of the time to place in the market of new construction nano-products (nanocomposites, nano-coatings, etc) and PPEs. In addition, the SCAFFOLD project will also provide innovative inputs for new/improved OHS standards in the field of OHS management and workers protection against MNMs. 8. Citations Broekhuizen et al (2011) Use of nanomaterials in the European construction industry and some occupational health aspects thereof. J Nanopart Res DOI 10.1007/s11051-010-0195-9. 9. Directory Table 2 Directory of people involved in this project. NanoSafetyCluster - Compendium 2012 COM (2006) 502 final. Putting knowledge into practice: A broadbased innovation strategy for the EU. FIEC, IVAM, EFBWW (2009). Nano-products in the European Construction Industry. Fredonia (2008) Fredonia market study #2303, Nanocomposites, February 2008. http://ec.europa.eu/enterprise/policies/sme/files/craft/sme_perf_re view/doc_08/eu-smes-subcontracting-final-report_en.pdf http://ec.europa.eu/research/consultations/snap/consultation_en.h tm http://eur-lex.europa.eu/LexUriServ/LexUriServ.do?uri=COM: 2007:0062:FIN:EN:PDF http://osha.europa.eu/en/publications/outlook/en_te8108475enc.p df http://osha.europa.eu/en/sector/construction http://www.cen.eu/cen/Sectors/Sectors/Construction/Pages/defaul t.aspx ISO (2009) Deciding factors and results of the implementation of OHSAS 18001 in the Spanish Industries. ISO Management Systems, July-August 2009. Lee, J.; Mahendra, S. and Alvarez, P.J. (2010) Nanomaterials in the construction industry: A review of their applications and environmental health and safety considerations. ACS Nano, vol 4, num7, pp. 3580-3590. Ross, B.L and Aitken, J (2010) Environmental, Health and Safety (EHS) Impacts. Construction. Observatory Nano. First Name Last Name Affiliation Address e-mail Jesús M. López de Ipiña Fundación TECNALIA Research and Innovation FranÇois Tardif Commissariat à l'Énergie Atomique et aux Énergies Alternatives Neofytou Panagiotis National Centre for Scientific Research "DEMOKRITOS" Elzbieta Jankowska Centralny Instytut Ochrony Pracy - Państwowy Instytut Badawczy Parque Tecnológico de Alava Leonardo Da Vinci 11 E-01510 Miñano-Alava Spain Rue des Martyrs 17 FR-38054 Grenoble France Patriarchou Gregoriou Str. GR-15310 Aghia Paraskevi Greece Czerniakowska 16 PL-00701 Warszawa Poland Jaime José Cubillo Acciona Infraestructuras S.A. Valportillo II ES-28018 Alcobendas - Madrid Spain Javier García Asociación Española de Normalización y Certificación Génova 6 ES-28004 Madrid Spain Pawel Poneta Mostostal Warszawa S.A. Ul Konstruktorska 11A PL-02673 Warszawa Poland jesus.lopezdeipina@tecnalia.com ftardif@cea.fr fonta@gel.demokritos.gr eljan@ciop.pl JCubillo@acciona.es jgarcia@aenor.es P.Poneta@mostostal.waw.pl Compendium of Projects in the European NanoSafety Cluster 269
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Compendium of Projects in the Europ
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EDITED BY Michael Riediker, PD Dr.s
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CONTENTS NanoSafetyCluster - Compen
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Project Acronym ENNSATOX ENPRA EURO
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Foreword NanoSafetyCluster - Compen
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ENNSATOX ENgineered Nanoparticle Im
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The biological membrane and its dep
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distinguishes between the interacti
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Figure 10. Schematic representation
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WP5: • Permeability of NPs in hyd
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NanoSafetyCluster - Compendium 2012
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ENPRA RISK ASSESSMENT OF ENGINEERED
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vitro findings with in vivo models;
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protocols with real biological samp
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and it was organised in the frame o
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First Name Last Name Affiliation Ad
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EURO-NanoTox European Center for Na
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silver nanoparticles, iron nanopart
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The core functions of the Center, h
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8 Directory Table 1 Directory of pe
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HINAMOX Health Impact of Engineered
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High Resolution Electron Microscopy
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integrated risk assessment. Integra
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powders: What is the difference in
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InLiveTox Intestinal, Liver and End
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- to develop and validate a novel m
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environments, IEEE Industrial Elect
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INSTANT Innovative Sensor for the f
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complementary research which will l
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7 Copyright NanoSafetyCluster - Com
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ITS-NANO Intelligent testing strate
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approach to conveying the appropria
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in the discussion. The integration
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MARINA MANAGING RISKS of NANOMATERI
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for risk analysis, these tools need
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environmental ENM toxicity, but tox
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propose it as a Method Validation F
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and SiO2-NM200 and NM203, and a SiO
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ModNanoTox Modelling nanoparticle t
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3) To model environmental exposure
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Nanodetector European Network on th
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measurement interval. Measurements
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5 Directory Table 1 Directory of pe
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NANODEVICE Novel Concepts, Methods,
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ENP in order to be sure of their sa
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4.3 Exploring the association betwe
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NanoFATE Nanoparticle Fate Assessme
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or proteins associated with particu
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sludge. Information on rates of slu
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The exposures to be conducted will
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NanoFATE progression beyond the “
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