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Les nouveaux entrepreneurs de guerre - Infoguerre

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En second lieu, la nouvelle rédaction inclut les missions civiles et humanitaires en zone <strong>de</strong><br />

conflit au nombre <strong>de</strong>s activités soumises à autorisation 140 , alors que celles-ci étaient<br />

explicitement exclues du champ d’application <strong>de</strong> la loi <strong>de</strong> 1998. Cela pourrait poser<br />

problème dans la mesure où <strong>de</strong> nombreux experts et consultants sud-africains oeuvrent à<br />

l’étranger dans un but tout à fait pacifique ; les Sud-africains sont d’ailleurs considérés<br />

comme parmi les meilleurs démineurs au mon<strong>de</strong>.<br />

En troisième et <strong>de</strong>rnier lieu, le projet comprend une clause d’application extraterritoriale.<br />

Une telle disposition, qui figurait déjà dans la loi <strong>de</strong> 1998, semble tout à fait justifiée au<br />

regard <strong>de</strong> la nécessité <strong>de</strong> sanctionner les crimes et délits considérés, même lorsqu’ils sont<br />

commis à l’étranger. Mais alors que la loi <strong>de</strong> 1998 excluait expressément <strong>de</strong> son champ<br />

d’application les non nationaux ayant commis <strong>de</strong>s infractions à l’étranger 141 , l’article 11<br />

alinéa 2 du projet, dispose que tout étranger appréhendé en Afrique du Sud, et qui se serait<br />

rendu coupable d’une infraction pénale prévue dans le cadre <strong>de</strong> cette loi, y compris dans<br />

l’hypothèse où les faits se seraient produits à l’étranger, pourrait être poursuivi si sa<br />

<strong>de</strong>man<strong>de</strong> d’extradition était refusée 142 .<br />

United Nations and the Declaration on Principles of International Law<br />

concerning Friendly Relations and Cooperation among States. »<br />

140 Ibid. art.5 : « No person may provi<strong>de</strong> humanitarian assistance in an area where there is an armed<br />

conflict, unless that person has been authorised to provi<strong>de</strong> such assistance in terms of section 7. »<br />

141 Regulation of the Foreign Military Assistance Act (précité), Article 9 : « Any court of law in the<br />

Republic may try a person for an offence referred to in section 8 notwithstanding the fact that the<br />

act or omission to which the charge relates, was committed outsi<strong>de</strong> the Republic, except in the<br />

instance where a foreign citizen commits any offence in terms of section 8 wholly outsi<strong>de</strong> the<br />

bor<strong>de</strong>rs of the Republic. »<br />

142 Prohibition of Mercenary Activities and Prohibition and Regulation of Certain Activities in<br />

Areas of Armed Conflict Bill (précité), art 11 : « (1) Any act that constitutes an offence un<strong>de</strong>r this<br />

Act and that is committed outsi<strong>de</strong> the Republic by :<br />

(a) a citizen of the Republic;<br />

(b) a person ordinarily resi<strong>de</strong>nt in the Republic<br />

(c) a person who was arrested in the territory of the Republic, or in its territorial waters or on board<br />

a ship or aircraft registered or required to be registered in the Republic at the time the offence was<br />

committed;<br />

(d} a company incorporated or registered as such un<strong>de</strong>r any law in the Republic;<br />

or<br />

(e) any body of persons corporate or unincorporated in the Republic, must be regar<strong>de</strong>d as having<br />

been committed in the Republic and the person who committed it may be tried in a court in the<br />

Republic which has jurisdiction in respect of that offence.<br />

(2) (a) Any act that constitutes an offence un<strong>de</strong>r this Act and that is committed outsi<strong>de</strong> the<br />

Republic by a person, other than a person contemplated in subsection (I), must be regar<strong>de</strong>d as<br />

having been committed in the Republic if that person is found in the Republic.<br />

58

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