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CHAPTER I
INTRODUCTION
1.1 Environmental Issues Related to Climate
Change
Increasing the concentration of Greenhouse Gases
(GHG) emission such as CO2, CH4, N2O, SF6, HFCs and
PFCs are the result of human activities that cause
increased heat radiation (long wave) that are trapped in the
atmosphere. This causes the phenomenon of global
warming resulting in climate change. Some climate change
is happening, among others, the earth's surface
temperature increases, the increased evaporation in the
air, the changing patterns of rainfall and air pressure that
will ultimately change the world climate patterns.
Carbon dioxide is one of the gases that cause
global warming, because it has heat absorbing properties
of sunlight. Each year, the earth releases 8 billion tons of
CO2 that comes from humans and animals, fossils and
natural gas (6.5 billion tons) and from 1.5 billion tons of
firewood. Humans have destroyed the balance, through
burning oil, coal, natural gas and excessive deforestation,
thus increasing the amount of CO2 throughout the earth,
surface, both in the atmosphere and the sea.
The development of global warming due to CO2
emission has risen to about 30 % since the 1970s. During
the 142 years between 1860 to 2002 world temperatures
rose by 1 o C and in 35 years between 1935 to 1970 world
temperatures rose by 0.5 o C. This figure will rise again to
at least 2-4 o C in the year 2100 (IPCC, 2007). The biggest
contribution to global warming is CO2 by 61%, followed by
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