Bilingual Tech Mapping for Pulp Paper Guideline - Asosiasi Pulp ...

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Tabel 1.8 Rincian Besaran Emisi Karbon dari Industri Kertas Emission Source Direct Emission Direct Emission associated with fuel combustion (excluding biomass CO2) Million metric tons of CO2 e per year 1 Million short tons of CO2 e per year 57.7 63.6 Wastewater treatment plant CH4 releases 0.4 0.4 Forest products industry 2 2.2 2.4 landfills Use of carbonate make-up chemicals and flue gas desulfurization chemicals Secondary pulp and paper manufacturing operations (i.e., converting primary products into final products) Direct emission of CO2 from biomass fuel combustion (biogenic) 4 Process-related CO2 including CO2 emitted from lime kilns (biogenic) 4 Indirect Emission Electricity purchases by pulp and paper mills Electricity purchases by secondary manufacturing operations (i.e., converting primary products into final products) Steam purchases Sumber : (US-EPA 2010) 0.39 1 0.43 1 2.5 2.8 113 125 Unavailable 5 Unavailable 5 25.4 28 8.9 9.8 Unavailable 5 Unavailable 5 Halaman 12 dari 131
BAB II GAMBARAN UMUM TENTANG INDUSTRI PULP DAN KERTAS 2.1 Teknologi Proses Pembuatan <strong>Pulp</strong> Pembuatan pulp diklasifikasikan dalam 3 jenis proses yaitu proses mekanis, semi-kimia dan kimia. Produk yang dihasilkan mempunyai karakteristik serat yang berbeda. Pemilihan jenis proses tersebut tergantung kepada spesies kayu yang tersedia dan penggunaan akhir dari pulp yang diproduksi. Proses kimia mendominasi hampir diseluruh dunia, karena dari pulp ini dapat dibuat berbagai jenis kertas diantaranya adalah kertas budaya. 90 % dari berbagai jenis proses kimia didominasi oleh proses kraft. Proses pembuatan pulp kimia, dapat melarutkan lignin lebih banyak dibandingkan dengan proses yang lain, sehingga dapat menghasilkan kualitas yang lebih baik dam penggunaannya lebih luas. Keunggulan pulp kimia adalah lebih baik, lebih teratur, lebih rata dan lebih kompak dengan opasitas yang lebih rendah daripada lembaran pulp mekanis. Disamping itu pada derajat putih yang sama (bleached brightness) pulp kimia lebih stabil. <strong>Pulp</strong> kimia dapat digunakan sebagai bahan baku kertas dengan tingkat (grade) tidak putih seperti kertas kantong (bag paper), kertas karton linier (linerboard) dan kertas bungkus (wrapper). Untuk jenis pulp kimia dengan grade yang lebih tinggi dan diputihkan dapat dibuat kertas bermutu tinggi seperti kertas budaya (tulis, cetak, fotokopi). Halaman 13 dari 131
Page 2 and 3: KEMENTERIAN PERINDUSTRIAN BALAI BES
Page 4 and 5: PEDOMAN PEMETAAN TEKNOLOGI DI INDUS
Page 6 and 7: RINGKASAN EKSEKUTIF Perkembangan pe
Page 8 and 9: delignifikasi berlanjut (extended d
Page 10 and 11: potensi untuk dimanfaatkan. Atas da
Page 12 and 13: 3.4. Optimasi kinerja Chemical Reco
Page 14 and 15: DAFTAR GAMBAR Gambar 1.1. Prediksi
Page 16 and 17: Tabel 3.1 Konservasi energi pada pe
Page 18 and 19: umi naik 0,5 o C, angka ini akan na
Page 20 and 21: kertas, industri tekstil, indusri k
Page 22 and 23: Gambar 1.1 Prediksi Emisi GRK di In
Page 24 and 25: tahun 2009, perusahaan industri pul
Page 26 and 27: pulp dan kertas dibandingkan dengan
Page 30 and 31: Pada pembuatan pulp mekanis lignin
Page 32 and 33: Gambar 2.1 Diagram Proses Pabrik Pu
Page 34 and 35: (misalnya, dissolving, non-kayu). P
Page 36 and 37: meningkatkan kandungan padatannya m
Page 38 and 39: Kondensat Recovery boiler Panas sek
Page 40 and 41: dari proses pemulihan kembali bahan
Page 42 and 43: Gambar 2.5 Distribusi Konsumsi Ener
Page 44 and 45: 2.3.1 Pengelolaan Limbah cair Ditin
Page 46 and 47: Teknologi pengelolaan melalui peman
Page 48 and 49: BAB III TEKNOLOGI PROSES PULPING HE
Page 50 and 51: Tabel 3.1 Konservasi energi pada pe
Page 52 and 53: Gambar 3.2 Dimensi tumpukan serpih
Page 54 and 55: Gambar 3.4 Ringkasan berbagai siklu
Page 56 and 57: yang selanjutnya disimpan dalam hot
Page 58 and 59: Gambar 3.6 Digester kontinyu dengan
Page 60 and 61: Ringkasan konservasi energi pada pa
Page 62 and 63: wash master. Dilution factor sekita
Page 64 and 65: Tabel 3.4 Konservasi energi pada si
Page 66 and 67: 3.5 Optimasi kinerja Power Boiler b
Page 68 and 69: Tabel 3.5.Konservasi energi pada si
Page 70 and 71: Konservasi energi lain yang dapat d
Page 72 and 73: 4.1.2 Mesin Kertas : Bagian Pembent
Page 74 and 75: ditingkatkan dari 15 % menjadi 60 -
Page 76 and 77: Tabel 4.1 Perbandingan Kinerja Tekn
Page 78 and 79:
Tabel 4.2 Peluang Penghematan Energ
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Tabel 4.4 Sumber Emisi Karbon pada
Page 82 and 83:
BAB V PENGELOLAAN LINGKUNGAN PADA I
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diutamakan untuk mengolah air limba
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Untuk mengoptimalkan dan mendistrib
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5.1.2 Pengembangan Teknologi Anaero
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merupakan sumber karbon yang berkon
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Gambar 5.1 Fase-Fase Pada Tahapan P
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memasang peralatan seperti turbin,
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5.2.2.1.a. Rotary Kiln Incinerator
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Di Indonesia, penerapan insinerator
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mikroba termofilik. Pada suhu di at
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5.2.3.1.b. Proses pengomposon siste
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zat organik telah dipertimbangkan s
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Gambar 5.8 Digestasi Anaerobik Satu
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meningkatkan produktivitas berbagai
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menyebabkan terjadinya pencemaran u
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Gambar 5.10. (A). Cyclone dan Multi
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Gambar 5.12. Electrostatic Precipit
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disemprotkan dan mengalir ke bawah
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Counter Current Packed Tower Bubble
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Metode FGD Metode Kering Absorben R
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NOx yang terbentuk sebagai hasil pe
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Metoda Non selective catalytic redu
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BAB VI PENUTUP Indonesia ikut berpe
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Teknologi pengelolaan lingkungan me
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Gavrilescu, D. 2008. “Energy from
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Stultz, S.C., and J.B. Kitto., 2000
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No Company Name APPENDIX 1 DISTRIBU
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LANJUTAN No Company Name Mill Site
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LANJUTAN No Company Name Mill Site
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APPENDIX 2 PAPER CONSUMPTION IN VAR
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APPENDIX 2 (continuation) Country C
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Coated wood-free paper - integrated
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APPENDIX 4 ENERGY CONSUMPTION FOR U
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MINISTRY OF INDUSTRY CENTER FOR PUL
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TECHNOLOGY MAPPING GUIDELINE FOR PU
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EXECUTIVE SUMMARY The development o
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pulp bleaching done by adding a hea
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device SOx and NOx and also control
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3.3 Application Washing Technologie
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Figure 3.7 Black Liquor Impregnatio
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Table 3.5 Conservation Of Energy In
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15% CH4, CFCs by 12% and 4% N2O, an
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governments and stakeholders as a b
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Figure 1.1 Forecast of GHG Emission
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paper industry in Indonesia are 81
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Table 1.5 Specific Energy Consumpti
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Table 1.8 Details of Carbon Emissio
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have a good opacity, and easy to ab
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Figure 2.1 Process Diagram of Kraft
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Kraft pulping process using alkalin
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urned, and Na2SO4 reduced to Na2S.
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Kondensat Recovery boiler Secondary
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Pulp mills in Indonesia fulfill the
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The main energy source used in the
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alkaline pH, high contamination COD
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will be generated carbon emission s
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CHAPTER III PULPING TECHNOLOGY FOR
Page 197 and 198:
Table 3.1 Conservation Of Energy In
Page 199 and 200:
Figure 3.1 Mechanism of chip damage
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Figure 3.3 Cycle Of Displacement Ba
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Figure 3.5 System RDH equipment / S
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With a uniform temperature througho
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Table 3.2 Conservation Of Energy in
Page 209 and 210:
3.3 Application Washing Technologie
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Udara kuaterner Udara sekunder ting
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sootblowing intelligent sootblowing
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Figure 3.11 FBC and CFBC Page 52 of
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Other energy conservation can be do
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process of separating water from th
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facilities. For the hood that uses
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4.2 Saving Energy and Carbon Emissi
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Table 4.3 Best 2009 World Energy In
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Table 4.5 Overview of Investment Fo
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chemistry, and biology process or a
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ii. b. Anaerobic System Anaerobic p
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experience growth to form granular
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Table 5.1. Sources and Types of Sol
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There are several solid waste manag
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technology development is equipped
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esulting energy for steam productio
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With this system, the fluidization
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In the composting process temperatu
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closed system requires an investmen
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generally composed of CH 4 55-70%;
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Figure 5.8 Anaerobic Digestion One
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Figure 5.9 Flowchart of Two Phase A
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Table 5.4 Sources and Characteristi
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5.3.2.1 Separation of Particulate P
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). Filter Cloth (Fabric Filter) The
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time. Separation of pollutants carr
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Figure 5.14 Packed Tower Scrubber B
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C. SOx Gas Control SOx gases can be
Page 267 and 268:
Type of FGD Method Dry Method Absor
Page 269 and 270:
D. NOx Gas Control NOx emission can
Page 271 and 272:
Method Selective non catalytic redu
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incoming gas fan. To avoid the risk
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Some processes that can save energy
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REFERENCES Adams, Terry N., 1997,.
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Industry”, Environmental Energy T
Page 281 and 282:
_____EPA, 2010. “Available and Em
Page 283 and 284:
CONTINUE No Company Name Mill Site
Page 285 and 286:
Page 287 and 288:
Page 289 and 290:
APPENDIX 2 (continuation) Consumpti
Page 291 and 292:
APPENDIX 3 SPECIFIC ENERGY CONSUMPT
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Source : all data taken from [249,
Page 295:
APENDIX 4 GHG EMISSION FROM VARIOUS
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