genderi â socialuri da politikuri swavlebani - Center for Social ...
genderi â socialuri da politikuri swavlebani - Center for Social ...
genderi â socialuri da politikuri swavlebani - Center for Social ...
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frankfurtSi gamovi<strong>da</strong> wigni “qali a<strong>da</strong>miani ar aris”, 1750 wels ki laifcigSi gamoCn<strong>da</strong><br />
wigni “sayuradRebo sabuTi imisa, rom qali a<strong>da</strong>mianTa modgmas ar miekuTvneba”. Sua<br />
saukuneebSi SeiniSnebo<strong>da</strong> e.w. “kudianebze nadiroba”. inkviziciis mier <strong>da</strong>sjil mamakacTa<br />
<strong>da</strong> qalTa raodenobas mkvlevarebi 1:20, zogi 1:100, <strong>da</strong> 1:1000 SefardebiTac ki<br />
ganixilav<strong>da</strong>.<br />
ai, rogor ganisazRvrebo<strong>da</strong> qalis roli wignSi “col-qmruli cxovrebis Sesaxeb”,<br />
romelic evropaSi gamovi<strong>da</strong> 1943 wels: “qalis movaleoba misi qmris mimarT mdgomareobs<br />
imaSi, rom emsaxuros mas morCilad, iyos mokrZalebuli saubarSi <strong>da</strong> Cacma-<strong>da</strong>xurvaSi.<br />
yuradReba miaqcios wesrigs saxlSi <strong>da</strong> awarmoos saojaxo saqmeebi.”<br />
ukve XIX saukneSi ogiust konti, romelic sociologiis mamamTavrad iTvleba,<br />
aRniSnav<strong>da</strong>, rom sazogadoebaSi qalis araTanasworuflebiani mdgomareoba ganisazRvreba<br />
“qalis organizmis bunebrivi sisustiT. ar SeiZleba arsebobdes kacisa <strong>da</strong> qalis<br />
<strong>socialuri</strong> Tanasworoba. qalis gansakuTrebuli mowodeba ojaxuri movaleobebia.”<br />
egreT wodebuli “qalTa sakiTxi” axal xanaSi, safrangeTis burJuaziuli<br />
revoluciis epoqaSi warmoiSva. qalebma moiTxoves mamakacebTan uflebebis<br />
gaTanasworeba sazogadoebriv <strong>da</strong> pirad cxovrebaSi. “a<strong>da</strong>mianisa <strong>da</strong> moqalaqis uflebaTa<br />
deklaraciis “gamoqveynebis Semdeg gamoqveyn<strong>da</strong> "qalisa <strong>da</strong> moqalaqis uflebaTa<br />
deklaracia", romelic olimpia de guJma <strong>da</strong>wera. qalebma <strong>da</strong>aarses TavianTi klubi,<br />
Jurnalebi, <strong>da</strong>iwyes debatebSi monawileobis miReba. sqesTa Soris garegani gansxvaveba<br />
rom moespoT, mamakacis tansacmeli Caicves. magram konventma qalebs CamoarTva Sekrebis<br />
ufleba <strong>da</strong> <strong>da</strong>xura maTi klubebi. Tavad olimpia de guJi sikvdiliT <strong>da</strong>sajes. amiT<br />
<strong>da</strong>mTavr<strong>da</strong> es moZraoba, romelic ivlisis revoluciis dros aRmocen<strong>da</strong>. am droi<strong>da</strong>n<br />
ixmareba gamoTqma “qalTa emansipacia”. 1948 wels Tebervlis revoluciis droi<strong>da</strong>n qalTa<br />
moZraoba sxva<strong>da</strong>sxva qveyanaSi gavrcel<strong>da</strong>.<br />
2. feministuri Teoriebi<br />
feminizmi (fr. feminisme, laTinuri femina-<strong>da</strong>n - qali) aris qalebisa <strong>da</strong> mamakacebis<br />
uflebebis gaTanabrebisaTvis warmoebuli farTo moZraobisa <strong>da</strong> socialur-<strong>politikuri</strong><br />
Teoriis saerTo saxelwodeba. feministuri moZraobis pirvel etapebze miznad iqna<br />
<strong>da</strong>saxuli qalebisaTvis saarCevno uflebebis mopoveba, amitom moZraobis monawileebs<br />
sufraJistebs (inglisuri sityvi<strong>da</strong>n sufrage – xmis ufleba) uwodebdnen. sufraJizmi<br />
aRmocen<strong>da</strong> inglisSi XIX saukunis meore naxevarSi, mogvianebiT ki gavrcel<strong>da</strong> aSS-Si,<br />
germaniaSi, safrangeTsa <strong>da</strong> msoflios mraval sxva qveyanaSi. saarCevno uflebebisaTvis<br />
brZolaSi pirvelad finelma qalebma moipoves warmateba (1905 w.), Semdeg norvegielebma<br />
<strong>da</strong> <strong>da</strong>nielebma. seriozuli nabiji ga<strong>da</strong>idga win 1918-1920 wlebSi, roca qalebs saarCevno<br />
ufleba misces belgiaSi, germaniaSi, poloneTSi, kana<strong>da</strong>Si, aSS-Si <strong>da</strong> zogierT sxva<br />
qveyanaSi. sufraJizmis warmatebebma droebiT SeaCera qalTa <strong>politikuri</strong> moZraobis<br />
saerTo ganviTareba <strong>da</strong> momdevno TiTqmis ormoci wlis ganmavlobaSi igi ZilquSis<br />
mdgomareobaSi iyo. gamoRviZeba anu "qalTa aRorZineba" XX saukunis 60-ian wlebSi<br />
<strong>da</strong>iwyo. misi epicentri gax<strong>da</strong> aSS, sa<strong>da</strong>c swored am wlebSi SeiniSnebo<strong>da</strong> diskriminaciis<br />
sxva<strong>da</strong>sxva <strong>for</strong>mis, pirvel rigSi ki rasizmis likvi<strong>da</strong>ciisaken mimarTuli demokratiuli<br />
procesebis gaaqtiureba. qalTa moZraobam axali, xSirad radikaluri <strong>for</strong>mebi SeiZina,<br />
rac mis saxelwodebaSic - "qalTa ganmaTavisuflebeli" moZraoba ("Women's Liberation")<br />
aisaxa. emansipaciisaTvis brZolis axali talRa ganpirobebuli iyo Rrma struqturuli<br />
cvlilebebiT sociumSi, upirveles yovlisa ki, sazogadoebriv warmoebaSi qalTa Sromis<br />
wilis zrdiT.<br />
60-ian <strong>da</strong> 70-iani wlebis <strong>da</strong>sawyisSi feministurma moZraobam ramdenadme eqstra-<br />
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