genderi â socialuri da politikuri swavlebani - Center for Social ...
genderi â socialuri da politikuri swavlebani - Center for Social ...
genderi â socialuri da politikuri swavlebani - Center for Social ...
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wydebo<strong>da</strong>. re<strong>for</strong>matorebma ga<strong>da</strong>sinjes TavianTi midgoma wmin<strong>da</strong> teqstebisadmi <strong>da</strong><br />
ganacxades, rom ar SeiZleba am teqstebSi yvelaferi CaiTvalos sayovelTao <strong>da</strong><br />
maradiul WeSmaritebad. wina planze gamodio<strong>da</strong> a<strong>da</strong>mianis axali ideali, mTavari iyo<br />
ara kasturi miTiTebebis im normebis Sesruleba, romlebic sxva<strong>da</strong>sxva kastis<br />
warmomadgenlebisaTvis sxva<strong>da</strong>sxva iyo, aramed a<strong>da</strong>mianis gansjis unari: ra aris<br />
zneobrivi? ramdenad aris sasargeblo <strong>da</strong> azriani? rogori un<strong>da</strong> iyos is qmedebebi,<br />
romlebic qveyanas keTildReobas moutans? ramdenad didia TiToeuli a<strong>da</strong>mianis<br />
wvlili saerTo erovnul <strong>da</strong> indoeTis keTildReobis saqmeSi?<br />
Sesabamisad, indur sazogadoebaSi icvlebo<strong>da</strong> <strong>da</strong> gansjis sagani xdebo<strong>da</strong> qalis<br />
statusi. "dharmaSastraSi" gadmocemulia a<strong>da</strong>mianis qcevis wesebi (dharma) cxovrebis<br />
sxva<strong>da</strong>sxva stadiaSi (aSramebSi). misi avtorebis Sexedulebebi metad winaaRmdegobrivia.<br />
zogierT adgilas imazec ki aris saubari, rom qalebi de<strong>da</strong>miwaze RmerTis<br />
TvisebebiT aRWurvili arsebebia. amasTan erTad vxvdebiT sxva mosazrebebsac: qalis<br />
bunebisaTvis <strong>da</strong>maxasiaTebelia iseTi cudi Tvisebebi, rogoricaa boroteba, cbiereba,<br />
avxorcoba, qarafSutoba <strong>da</strong> sxv. (Мезенцева, 1993.)<br />
dRes indoeTis konstitucia aRiarebs Tanasworuflebianobas politikur <strong>da</strong><br />
ekonomikur cxovrebaSi. qalebs irCeven parlamentSi, adgilobriv mmarTvelobiT<br />
organoebSi, niSnaven maRal Tanamdebobebze. <strong>da</strong>, mainc, qalebi mosaxleobis yvelaze<br />
ufro <strong>da</strong>bal fenas warmoadgenen. aRniSnuli im faqtSic aisaxeba, rom indoeTi im<br />
gamonaklis qveyanas warmoadgens, sa<strong>da</strong>c mosaxleobaSi qalebi mamakacebze naklebia <strong>da</strong><br />
maTi sicocoxlis xangrZlivobac ufro xanmoklea.<br />
uTanasworobis safuZvlebi<br />
induizmis <strong>for</strong>mirebasTan erTad icvlebo<strong>da</strong> qalebis mdgomareobac. induizmis,<br />
iseve rogorc qalTa mdgomarebis safuZvlebi un<strong>da</strong> veZioT ariul patriarqalur<br />
kulturaSi, romelic adgilobrivi <strong>da</strong> winaariuli periodis kulturis Serwymis<br />
Sedegad warmoiSva <strong>da</strong> sa<strong>da</strong>c qals sakmaod maRali, Tumca ara gabatonebuli<br />
mdgomareoba ekava.<br />
ariuli panTeoni upiratesad mamakaci RmerTebisagan Sedgebo<strong>da</strong>. maT ganuyofeli<br />
ariuli ojaxi <strong>da</strong> samsafexuriani <strong>socialuri</strong> struqtura hqon<strong>da</strong>T (qSatriebi,<br />
brahmanebi <strong>da</strong> vaiSebi). mas Semdeg, rac arielebma adgilobriv mosaxleobaze TavianTi<br />
batonoba gaavrceles, gaCn<strong>da</strong> meoTxe varna . – Sudrebi, romlis SemadgenlobaSic<br />
Seyvanili iyo ara marto adgilobrivi <strong>da</strong>bali fenis mosaxleoba, aramed Sereuli<br />
qorwinebis Sedegad gaCenili STamomavlebic. amis Semdeg kasta (jati) memkvidreobiT<br />
xasiaTs iZens, fuZndeba matrimonialuri wesi <strong>da</strong> calkeul individs aRar SeuZlia<br />
Tavisi statusis Secvla. memkvidreobis miReba ki mxolod vaJiSvilebs <strong>da</strong>ukanon<strong>da</strong>T.<br />
am xanaSi qali jer kidev inarCuneb<strong>da</strong> garkveul Tavisuflebas <strong>da</strong> qorwineba misTvis<br />
savaldebulo ar iyo, xolo mogvianebiT, rodesac miiRes wesi (endogamiis Sesaxeb),<br />
romelic qorwinebas kastis CarCoebiT zRu<strong>da</strong>v<strong>da</strong>, 15-16 wlis qaliSvils SeeZlo<br />
TviTon aerCia saqmro. qvrivebs meored gaTxovebis ufleba hqon<strong>da</strong>T. magram ukve<br />
maSin qalebi "sxva RatakebTan" erTad miekuTvnebodnen im kategorias, romelTac ar<br />
hqon<strong>da</strong>T ufleba <strong>da</strong>swrebodnen mefis karis RonisZiebebs.<br />
qalebis mdgomareobis Semdgomi cvlilebis TvalsazrisiT, metad mniSvnelovania<br />
brahmanizmis reaqcia budizmisa <strong>da</strong> janaizmis gamowvevaze. aRniSnuli axali religiebi<br />
qals met Tavisuflebas <strong>da</strong> arCevanis uflebas aZlev<strong>da</strong>. radikalur siaxles<br />
warmoadgen<strong>da</strong> mamakacebis Tanasworad qalebis monawileoba religiur ritualebSi <strong>da</strong><br />
qorwinebis sanacvlod monazvnobis arCevanis ufleba. adreul budistur<br />
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