genderi â socialuri da politikuri swavlebani - Center for Social ...
genderi â socialuri da politikuri swavlebani - Center for Social ...
genderi â socialuri da politikuri swavlebani - Center for Social ...
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masTan mTlianad ar gaewyvitaT kavSiri. bermonazvnebi eriskacebis sazogadoebis<br />
gverdiT un<strong>da</strong> cxovrobdnen <strong>da</strong> am sazogadoebis STagonebis wyaro, gamaTavisuflebeli<br />
TviTdisciplinis magaliTi <strong>da</strong> maswavleblebi un<strong>da</strong> iyvnen. eriskacebma ki<br />
pativi un<strong>da</strong> scen bermonazvnebs <strong>da</strong> sakuTari Tavi imisTvis un<strong>da</strong> moamzadon, rom uari<br />
Tqvan yovelgvar sikeTeze <strong>da</strong> am gziT miaRwion nirvanas. bu<strong>da</strong>s mier naCvenebi gzebi<br />
gulisxmobs mxolod sakuTar Zalebze <strong>da</strong>yrdnobis aucileblobas, mkacr zneobriobas,<br />
civ racionalizmsa <strong>da</strong> meditacias.<br />
bu<strong>da</strong>m Tavis gzas nirvanisaken uwo<strong>da</strong> "Sualeduri gza, romelic gadis grZnobadi<br />
moTxovnilebebis Tavawyvetil <strong>da</strong>kmayofilebasa (gedonizmi) <strong>da</strong> mkacr gandgomas<br />
(asketizmi) Soris". misi gza gansakuTrebul yuradRebas cnobierebis disciplinaze<br />
amaxvileb<strong>da</strong>.<br />
bu<strong>da</strong>m uaryo farTod gavrcelebuli rwmena maradiuli sulisa <strong>da</strong> maradiuli<br />
RmerTis Sesaxeb, romlebic yvela cvlilebis safuZvels warmoadgens. budizmis<br />
mixedviT, ar arsebobs subieqtisa <strong>da</strong> obieqtis, sulisa <strong>da</strong> materiis <strong>da</strong>pirispireba, ar<br />
arsebobs RmerTi, rogorc Semoqmedi <strong>da</strong> aucilebeli umaRlesi arseba. bu<strong>da</strong> im<br />
<strong>da</strong>skvnamde mivi<strong>da</strong>, rom cvalebadoba a<strong>da</strong>mianis yofierebis ganuyofeli Tvisebaa.<br />
a<strong>da</strong>miani, iseve rogorc yvelaferi, rac mis garSemoa, mudmivad moZraobs, yovel wams<br />
aRorZindeba <strong>da</strong> Wkneba. amasTan, ar arsebobs am cvlilebebis ucvleli subieqti,<br />
ucvleli a<strong>da</strong>mianuri "me". gadmocemis Tanaxmad, bu<strong>da</strong>s bolo sityvebi iyo: "yvelaferi,<br />
rac warmoiSoba, qreba, gulmodgined eZieT xsna".<br />
aRsaniSnavia, rom adreuli budizmi qa<strong>da</strong>geb<strong>da</strong> a<strong>da</strong>mianTa Tanasworobas, ganur-<br />
Cevlad maTi kasturi <strong>da</strong> wodebrivi kuTvnilebisa. is aRiareb<strong>da</strong> maTi "xsnis" Tanabar<br />
uflebas. a<strong>da</strong>mianis xsna <strong>da</strong>mokidebulia ara RmerTebis <strong>da</strong>xmarebaze, ara mis socialur<br />
mdgomareobasa <strong>da</strong> warmoSobaze, aramed mxolod mis mondomebaze.<br />
mTeli Tavisi istoriis manZilze budizmi uaryof<strong>da</strong> raime gansxvavebas<br />
mamakacebsa <strong>da</strong> qalebs Soris gasxivosnebis miRwevis gzebTan <strong>da</strong>kavSirebiT. budizmis<br />
mTavari debulebis Tanaxmad, yvela a<strong>da</strong>mians, miuxe<strong>da</strong>vad sqesisa <strong>da</strong> <strong>socialuri</strong><br />
statusisa, SeuZlia miaRwios gasxivisnebas. Tumca, niSandoblivia, rom budizmis<br />
ganviTarebis adreul etapebze de<strong>da</strong>Ta samonastro ordenebi instituciurad<br />
mamakacTa ordenebs eqvemdebarebo<strong>da</strong>. es <strong>da</strong>qvemdebareba Tavad bu<strong>da</strong>s mier iyo<br />
<strong>da</strong>dgenili. Tav<strong>da</strong>pirvelad man uari Tqva ukve <strong>da</strong>arsebul ordenSi qalebis miRebaze,<br />
Semdeg ki maTTvis calke ordeni <strong>da</strong>afuZna. de<strong>da</strong>Ta ordeni berebis kontrols<br />
eqvemdebarebo<strong>da</strong>.<br />
aseTma instituciurma subordinaciam gamoiwvia de<strong>da</strong>Ta ordenebis gaufasureba,<br />
mogvianebiT ki – maTi <strong>da</strong>cema. Teravadis (e.w. samxreTis budizmis) Tanaxmad<br />
gasxivosnebas mxolod im a<strong>da</strong>mianebma SeiZleba miaRwion, romlebic mTel TavianT<br />
sicocxles samonastro cxovrebas miuZRvnian. amgvarad, de<strong>da</strong>Ta monastrebis <strong>da</strong>cemam<br />
mkacrad SezRu<strong>da</strong> qalebis imedi, mieRwiaT gasxivosnebisaTvis. magram miuxe<strong>da</strong>vad<br />
amisa, maRali saero wris qalebi mniSvnelovan rols asrulebdnen religiur<br />
cxovrebaSi. isini xSirad finansur mxar<strong>da</strong>Weras uwevdnen mamakacebis monastrebs.<br />
hinaianisagan gansxvavebiT, mahaianis budizmSi qalebis monastrebis <strong>da</strong>cemas aseTi<br />
mniSvneloba ar hqon<strong>da</strong>, radgan gasxivosnebis miRweva ar Semoifarglebo<strong>da</strong> mxolod<br />
samonastro elitiT. mahaiana amtkicebs, rom nebismieri cxovrebiseuli gza,<br />
monasterSi an mis gareT, SeiZleba iqces gasxivosnebis miRwevis saSualebad. mahaianis<br />
teqstebSi moTxrobilia im <strong>da</strong>qorwinebul mamakacebsa <strong>da</strong> gaTxovil qalebze,<br />
romlebmac gasxivosnebis gzaze warmatebas miaRwies.<br />
bu<strong>da</strong>s miaCn<strong>da</strong>, rom qalebma SeiZleba miaRwion gasxivosnebis dones <strong>da</strong> ar<br />
arsebobs misi miRwevis gansxvavebuli gzebi qalebisa <strong>da</strong> mamakacebisaTvis. erT-erTi<br />
fici, romelsac zogierTi beri debs, mouwodebs maT, ar <strong>da</strong>amciron qalebi <strong>da</strong> xeli<br />
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