genderi â socialuri da politikuri swavlebani - Center for Social ...
genderi â socialuri da politikuri swavlebani - Center for Social ...
genderi â socialuri da politikuri swavlebani - Center for Social ...
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5. budizmi – <strong>socialuri</strong> <strong>da</strong> sqesobrivi Tanasworobis mcdeloba<br />
budizmi msoflioSi erT-erT yvelaze gavrcelebuli religiaa (qristianobasa <strong>da</strong><br />
islamTan erTad). igi warmoiSva CrdiloeT indoeTSi Zv. w. VI-V s.s-Si. mis Semqmnelad<br />
iTvleba sidharTa gautama, igive Sakia (sakia) – muni (gandegili Sakiebis tomi<strong>da</strong>n).<br />
Tqmulebis Tanaxmad, igi Sakiebis tomis beladis Sudho<strong>da</strong>nis vaJi iyo <strong>da</strong> Zv. w. 623-544<br />
w.w. cxovrob<strong>da</strong>. gautamam 29 wlis asakSi <strong>da</strong>tova ojaxi <strong>da</strong> asketuri moxetiale<br />
cxovreba <strong>da</strong>iwyo. 7 wlis Semdeg igi axali rwmenis mqa<strong>da</strong>gebeli gax<strong>da</strong> <strong>da</strong> safuZveli<br />
Cauyara pirvel ber-monazvnur Tems – sanghis. SemdgomSi Sakia-muns uwodes bu<strong>da</strong><br />
(sanskr. budha - gasxivosnebuli), xolo mis moZRvrebas – budizmi.<br />
budizmis ZiriTadi doqtrinaa moZRvreba "oTxi keTilSobili WeSmaritebis"<br />
Sesaxeb: arsebobs – tanjva, misi mizezi, tanjvaTa Sewyveta (nirvana – ganTavisuflebis<br />
mdgomareoba) <strong>da</strong> rvamagi gza – nirvanisaken mimavali gza.<br />
budizmis gavrcelebis Semdgom periodSi mox<strong>da</strong> misi or Stod gayofa: adreul<br />
budizms uwodeben "hinaianas" ("patara etli" anu xsnis "viwro gza"), xolo<br />
mogvianebiT, Cv. w I saukuneSi warmoSobil <strong>for</strong>mas – "mahaianas" ("didi etli" anu<br />
xsnis "didi gza").<br />
indoeTSi budizmis ayvavebis xanad iTvleba Zv. w. I aTaswleulis Sua xanebi – ax.<br />
w I aTaswleulis <strong>da</strong>sawyisi.<br />
X s-Si budizmma indoeTSi <strong>da</strong>karga gabatonebuli mdgomareoba <strong>da</strong> Tan<strong>da</strong>Tan<br />
<strong>da</strong>uaxlov<strong>da</strong> induizms – indoeTis axal religias. budizmi, rogorc <strong>da</strong>moukidebeli<br />
religiuri moZRvreba, farTod gavrcel<strong>da</strong> samxreT-aRmosavleT <strong>da</strong> CrdiloeT aziis<br />
qveynebSi. iq <strong>da</strong>mkvidr<strong>da</strong> hinaiana – samxreTis budizmis anu Terava<strong>da</strong> budizmis –<br />
sityvasityviT – uxucesTa moZRvrebis saxelwodebiT.<br />
arsebobs budizmis sxva<strong>da</strong>sxva seqta <strong>da</strong> skola.<br />
miuxe<strong>da</strong>vad gansxvavebebisa, budizmis yvela religiur-filosofiur<br />
mimdinareobasa <strong>da</strong> saxeobaSi arsebul warmodgenaTa erTiani birTvi budizms sxva<br />
religiebisagan ganasxvavebs.<br />
budizmis mixedviT, cxovreba tanjvaa. a<strong>da</strong>miani Tavad aris sakuTari tanjvis<br />
mizezi <strong>da</strong> ara gare pirobebi, arasrulyofili sazogadoeba <strong>da</strong> zebunebrivi Zalis<br />
zemoqmedeba. tanjvaTa mizezi a<strong>da</strong>mianis azrebis, sityvebisa <strong>da</strong> moqmedebebis<br />
erToblivi Zalis karmaSi mdgomareobs (sanskr. Karma –"saqme, qmedeba, moqmedeba").<br />
ufro metic, karma Tavad sicocxlis mizezia. a<strong>da</strong>mianebi Tavad qmnian TavianT Tavs.<br />
maTi fizikuri ieri (saxe) maTi yofierebis Sedegs warmoadgens. is yalibdeba <strong>da</strong><br />
viTardeba sicocxlis, siamovnebis, Zalauflebis, flobisa <strong>da</strong> Tavisuflebis survilis<br />
zemoqmedebiT. garkveulwilad a<strong>da</strong>miani xdeba iseTi, rogoric mas un<strong>da</strong>, rom iyos.<br />
Tavad a<strong>da</strong>mianebma un<strong>da</strong> moipovon gamarjveba tanjvaze TaviTkontrolis saSualebiT.<br />
TviTSezRudvis preqtika <strong>da</strong> meditacia iwvevs gasxivosnebas (sanskr. "bodhi")<br />
– gamoRviZebasa <strong>da</strong> tanjvis Sewyvetas (nirvanas).<br />
gza gasxivosnebisa <strong>da</strong> nirvanisaken iwyeba rwmeniT <strong>da</strong> Semdeg grZeldeba<br />
gulmowyalebis, zneobrivi disciplinisa <strong>da</strong> meditaciis saSualebiT.<br />
budizmi saboloo jamSi nirvanisaken swrafvaa, romelsac a<strong>da</strong>miani sakuTari<br />
keTili saqmeebiTa (kargi karmiT) <strong>da</strong> sxvebis keTil saqmeebSi TanamonawileobiT<br />
axorcielebs.<br />
bu<strong>da</strong>s miaCn<strong>da</strong>, rom rogorc eriskacebi, ise bermonazvnebi erTnairad un<strong>da</strong><br />
iswrafvodnen nirvanisaken. maTi Zalisxmeva mxolod intensiurobis doniT gansxvavdeba.<br />
maT Soris un<strong>da</strong> iyos urTierTkavSiri,. Tumca bu<strong>da</strong> ibrZo<strong>da</strong> cxovrebis bermonazvnuri<br />
wesisaTvis, is xels uwyob<strong>da</strong> im eriskacebs, romlebic budizms<br />
aRiarebdnen; Tavis berebs ki mouwodeb<strong>da</strong>, kavSiri hqono<strong>da</strong>T sazogadoebasTan <strong>da</strong><br />
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